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Usage J. N. Giger and R. E. Davidhizar Model in Clinical and Community Practice in Roma Minority
TOUMOVÁ, Kristýna
The aim of this paper was to find out the specifics of nursing care in clinical and community practice in Roma minority. Furthermore, to find out which of these specifics are missing in the J. N. Giger and R. E. Davidhizar nursing model and modify the nursing documentation based on this conceptual model accordingly. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research was used to achieve the set goals. The whole research was carried out within the framework of the team research project of GAJU No. 048/2015/S. Within the qualitative survey, 8 interviews with members of the Roma minority were carried out to verify the context of individual areas of the conceptual model. Furthermore, the focus group technique was used with nurses from clinical and community practice to verify the use of modified nursing documentation. The quantitative research used a non-standardised questionnaire based on the conceptual model areas for 600 respondents from the Roma minority. The research carried out has shown that health is one of the highest values in life for Roma people. Although health comes first, their way of life does not match this finding. This mainly concerns the area of substance abuse and disease prevention. Health care is influenced by their education. The more educated the individual is, the more they visit a doctor, they keep the treatment regimen and more generally they look after their health. The Roma minority is a relatively closed group of inhabitants, which to this day is difficult to assimilate into the majority society. Nevertheless, there is a gradual loss of some specific features. Above all, it is the loss of knowledge of the Roma language or the failure to observe some traditional Roma customs and traditions. This is mainly influenced by the social environment of the individual. All information obtained is clearly presented in the proposed documentation according to the Model of thoughtful and adapted care. Using this model provides us with a comprehensive assessment of the individual and the ability to better plan nursing care according to the needs of each individual.
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Czech healthcare as seen by clients from Arab countries
TOUMOVÁ, Kristýna
There are still large migrations of populations taking place, which are also reflected in the Czech healthcare system. The number of patients cared for foreigners from various close and distant countries is increasing. Currently, there is an increasing number of foreigners, mostly from Arab countries. This is partially due to the current political situation in these countries. The theoretical part is divided into several sections. The first section deals with the Arab states. The last section of this chapter explains the history of Arab healthcare. Another section focuses on Muslims in the Czech Republic, The next chapter describes the specifics of treating Muslim patients. The afore mentioned specifics are followed by a chapter on multicultural nursing and general nurses. Therefore, the last theoretical chapter covers the ethical aspects of multicultural nursing. The thesis has four objectives. The main objective is to: Determine the experiences of Arab patients with the provided care within the Czech healthcare system. The partial objectives are then: Objective 1: To find the most common problems in treating Arab patients from the perspective of a nurse. Objective 2: To determine the experience of Arab patients, who have been in contact with medical personnel. Objective 3: To determine the differences between the healthcare delivered in the Czech Republic and in the Arab countries. The main research question is: What are the experiences of Arab patients with the provided care within the Czech healthcare system? SQ 1: What are the most common problems in treating Arab patients from the nurses' perspective? SQ 2: What are the experiences of Arab patients who have been in contact with medical personnel? SQ 3: What are the biggest differences between the healthcare delivered in the Czech Republic and in the Arab countries? In order to achieve the objectives and to answer the research questions, a qualitative investigation was conducted using semi-structured interviews with Arab patients and also with general nurses. The snowball method was used to obtain the required respondents. The criterion for selecting the respondents was that they were from an Arab country and that at the same time they had experienced Czech healthcare. Overall, 17 respondents were obtained. The criterion for selecting the nurses was that they had, during their professional conduct, provided nursing care to patients from Arab countries. The interview was conducted with 10 general nurses. The interviews were copied verbatim into Microsoft Office Word 2007. A pictogram was then created for each area using the XMind 6 program. The results of the survey show that the respondents' overall assessment of Czech healthcare is very positive. From the nurses' perspective the language barrier and the lack of familiarity with the specifics of the cultures is the major concern. A positive finding is that nurses are willing to accommodate some of the special needs of these patients. Mostly these include serving meals without pork, being treated by a person of the same gender, ensuring privacy while praying, or being accompanied by relatives during examinations. The respondents also reported, in line with the nurses, that the biggest problem is the language barrier. The fundamental difference between the Czech and Arab healthcare systems is especially seen by the respondents in the absence of health insurance in the Arab countries. Furthermore, the respondents praised the clean hospitals in the Czech healthcare system, quality equipment and well-educated medical staff. Compared to the care in their homeland it is incomparably better. The results of the research have been presented at the National Student Scientific Conference of bachelor and master non-medical degree courses in Pardubice, 23. 4. 2015. Furthermore, they will be published in the form of an article in a professional journal in order to inform the public about the lessons learned.
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The level of knowledge of medical students at secondary schools in providing nursing care to foreigners
TOUMOVÁ, Kristýna
The integration of foreigners increases the number of patients with different nationalities and religions in our medical facilities. To treat these patients it is necessary to know their habits and specific needs. Such knowledge should have the students of secondary medical schools, to whom this work is focused. The theoretical part deals with the history of multicultural nursing in our country and abroad. Further is the explanation of basic terms, such as: culture, minority, majority, racism, discrimination, ethics and communication in Transcultural nursing care. Next Chapter deals with the integration of foreigners in Czech Republic. The multicultural nursing at the secondary medical schools is connected to this chapter. The subject multicultural nursing unfortunately is not on the particular types of schools, in the branch medical assistant, it is taught as a separate subject. The following chapter is about specifics of selected minorities. This thesis has two aims: The first aim is: To map the knowledge level of students of secondary medical schools in providing nursing care to patients from minority groups. The aim 2 is: To determine students' interest in the issue of multicultural care. On the basis of the aims three hypotheses were laid down: H 1: There is difference in knowledge of multicultural nursing between the students of first and 4th years of secondary medical schools. H 2: The Secondary medical schools devote attention to teaching of a multicultural approach to patients. H 3: Students of secondary schools have knowledge of a multicultural approach to patients. To achieve the aims and verify the hypotheses a quantitative survey was performed, which was completed by three short interviews with teachers of vocational subjects. The quantitative survey was conducted using form of questionnaires for students of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years in branch medical assistant at three medical schools. The results of the questionnaires were processed into graphs using statistics. Interviews were processed into categorization. The survey results showed that students have some knowledge about nursing care of patients from minority groups. Further, it was also found that students have an interest in the issue, and they would welcome to obtain more knowledge in this field at their school. The first hypothesis was confirmed. There is the difference in knowledge of first and 4 grades, but not so clear as it might be assumed. The knowledge is increasing gradually from lower classes to higher. The second hypothesis was also confirmed. The Secondary Medical Schools pay attention to teaching of a multicultural approach to patients. The research among students and teachers showed that the school pays attention to teaching, but not quite enough. Hypothesis third was confirmed. Students have knowledge of a multicultural approach to patients. From results of the questionnaires revealed that students have some awareness of the issues, but this knowledge is not entirely satisfactory to knowledge required in professional practice. From research results it is possible to consider that teaching of multicultural nursing at schools takes place in some form, but it all depends on the school. Therefore would be good to unify teaching - to determine the exact number of hours and form of teaching. Thus all students would have the opportunity to obtain the same information and School would get clear rules of teaching. Based on information gathered from the survey will be published in the journal article to spread awareness of the issue. The article, based on the acquired information from the research, will be published in a professional journal to extend awareness of the issue.
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