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Evolution of intraspecific diversity of invasive pathogen of alder Phytophthora ×alni
Pecka, Štěpán ; Koukol, Ondřej (advisor) ; Sedlářová, Michaela (referee)
Phytophthora alni s. l. (Peronosporomycetes: Stramenopila) is an invasive pathogen causing phytophthora root and collar rot in alders. It has been known from Europe since the '90s and from the Czech Republic since 2001. Three species were found are known within species complex P. alni s. l. Two of these species hybridized in Europe and created third triploid species called Phytophthora ×alni (Phytophthora alni subsp. alni). Dozens of genotypes have been identified with the help of microsatellites in previous studies, nevertheless only one genotype (Pxa-1) was dominating and most of other genotypes were closely related to it. The trend of increasing or decreasing incidence of this genotype differed among these studies. This thesis compares changes in the P. ×alni population in Vltava basin over the last 14 years during which a significant decrease in number of available hosts of this pathogen took place. Multilocus genotypes were determined using a set of 10 microsatellite markers. Among the 94 P. ×alni isolates reliably genotyped, 23 were of different genotypes. None of these genotypes, however, were found on the same localities repeatedly (except the dominant genotype). Incidence of the dominant genotype increased over time (from 63 % to 86 %). Most of the other genotypes were only slightly...
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Methodology to identify missing genetic resources in culture collections, strategy to fill the gaps
Komínek, Petr ; Komínková, Marcela ; Křížková, Iva ; Krejzar, Václav ; Aulický, Radek ; Kubátová, Alena ; Bár, Ladislav ; Kubizniaková, Petra ; Brožová, Jana ; Lebeda, Aleš ; Eichlerová, Ivana ; Malenovská, Hana ; Hanzalová, Alena ; Mertelík, Josef ; Kavková, Miloslava ; Mrázková, Marcela ; Kmoch, Martin ; Novotný, David ; Pánková, Iveta ; Skuhrovec, Jiří ; Petrželová, Irena ; Svoboda, Petr ; Reichelová, Markéta ; Urban, Marian ; Řezáčová, Veronika ; Valentová, Lucie ; Sedláček, Ivo ; Vendl, Tomáš ; Sedlářová, Michaela
The methodology was created under the National programme on conservation of microbial genetic resources of economical imortance. Its preparation was planned in the beginning of a current period of solving the National programme (2018-2022). The methodology describe procedures for the evaluation of specialization of individual collections from the point of view variability of genetic resources held on the collections. The goal of the methodology is to improve the work of microbial collections for the sustainable conservation of microbial genetic resources.
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Role of phytohormones in the interaction of plant pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Leptosphaeria maculans with their host
Leontovyčová, Hana ; Burketová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee) ; Sedlářová, Michaela (referee)
Phytohormones are small molecules that regulate almost all aspects of plant life including defence reactions. Plant defence and immunity are mainly regulated by two hormones - salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Other hormones such as auxins, cytokinins brassinosteroids or gibberellins modulate plant immunity to lesser extent. It has been described that plant pathogens are able to interfere with plant hormone signalling to overcome plant defence. Some pathogens are able to produce plant hormones themselves. This thesis is focused on plant hormone signalling involved in plant immunity both from the plant side and pathogen side and possible hormonal crosstalk in this interaction. The first part is focused on salicylic acid signalling connected with plant actin cytoskeleton roles in plant immunity. It has been described that desintegration of actin cytoskeleton leads to increased plant susceptibility to bacteria. However, it has been also shown that pharmacological desintegration of actin filaments induces transcription of salicylic acid responsive genes PR1 (Pathogenesis related 1) and ICS1 (Isochorismate synthase 1). In this thesis we have investigated this inconsistency using actin depolymerizing drugs latrunculin B, cytochalasin E and jasplakinolide and two different pathosystems:...
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NO plant metabolism under stress
Schier, Jakub ; Procházková, Dagmar (advisor) ; Sedlářová, Michaela (referee)
This work handles the role of nitric oxide (NO) in both physiological, and stress metabolism of plants, it introduces the history of NO studies, including necessary inclusion of some facts related to the animal kingdom. It summarizes the physical and chemical properties of NO, which largely influence the way it acts in physiological processes. The work further discusses the various ways NO is synthetized in plants, including enzymatic, and non-enzymatic means. It further deals with various ways NO can influence different physiological processes, antioxidant mechanisms, and finaly concernes itself with various stress inducing facotrs, their impact on plants, and the role of NO in influencing physiological responses. Finally, this work includes a chapter discussing the so called "heavy metals", mechanisms of their toxicity and the role of antioxidant mechanisms, with emphasis to role of NO.
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