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Impact of pesticides on the gut microbiota of animals
Stehlík, Michal ; Rada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Salmonová, Hana (referee)
Pesticides are substances used to control plant and animal pest in agriculture. They are very significant and important factor in both production and revenues. Nowadays it is almost impossible for farmers to dispense without these substances but their presence in the soil does not bring only benefits. About pesticides it is generally known that they may adversely affect either on the ecosystem or the human or animal body. As the result many substances had been banned from market. Pesticides and their residues are subject to many controls and laboratory analysis in order to prevent their negative effects.
The aim of the thesis was to test the effect of pesticide (Roundup) on gut microorganisms. For the experiments we used bovine fecal samples and pure bacterial cultures isolated from various domestic animals for the testing of susceptibility to Roundup. We have determined specific growth rates of pure cultures cultivated on three different concentrations of Roundup and total counts lactobacilli, enterococci, E. coli and coliform bacteria of bovine feces cultivated on six different concentrations of Roundup
In the first experiment, no correlation has been found between the concentration of glyphosate (active substance of Roundup) and counts of bovine intestinal bacteria. The effect of glyphosate on the growth of intestinal bacteria was visible at the second attempt. At the highest concentration of glyphosate 17 g/L. Growth curves reached considerably lower levels here than at lower concentrations of glyphosate. Control samples and the samples on the concentration of glyphosate 1.7 mg/L and 0, 17mg/L increased similarly in most cases. This implies that in these concentrations there was no inhibition of bacteria whatsoever. The least susceptible genera to glyphosate were lactobacilli. The highest susceptibility to glyphosate was detected in bovine bacteria and the lowest in chicken bacteria.
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Determination of microorganisms in the air of food premises
Krýzová, Andrea ; Popelářová, Eva (advisor) ; Salmonová, Hana (referee)
Microorganisms are able to spoil foods with their presence in food plants, therefore,
there is necessary to perform the monitoring of microbial air quality. The aim of this Bachelor
thesis was to confirm that the air quality in the food plant is better than in the current
environment. Microbial cleanliness should be at the highest level, especially in places where
is risk of contamination of the products.
Air composition was observed in microbrewery by Czech University of Life Sciences
Prague. It was evaluated by the total number of microorganisms and number of moulds.
In the case of moulds there was also determined gender representation. Samples of air with
present microorganisms were collected from five parts of the brewery, using active air intake
with airsampler MAS 100 Eco (Merck, Germany). It was a sanitation station, lager beer cellar,
section wort cooling, boiling room and to compare the hall. Air analysis was performed twice
with intervals of two months.
According to the findings, in sanitation station can be found higher total number
of microorganisms than in the hall. However, this increased incidence could be related
to microbial penetration from the outside environment due to the use of makeshift door
leading into the room. In other parts of the operation has already been confirmed less than
the total number of microorganisms in the hall. Enumeration of molds revealed that the entire
operation were lower than the concentrations of these microbes in the corridor.
Dangerous place in the brewery in terms of contamination of the product is lager
cellar, because here with maturation occurs also his tapping. Here upheld a lower incidence
of microorganisms than in the current environment, and as other parts of the plant do not pose
a risk of product degradation, the objective has been achieved.
Of the native representation of mould in the air microbrewery it shows that the most
abundant mould genus was Cladosporium and Penicillium followed. Cladosporium occupied
on average 54,8 % of the total number of mould. At lower concentrations, there have been
also genera Alternaria and Aspergillus.
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Bifidobacteria of intestinal tract of exotic animals
Máčalíková, Tereza ; Vlková, Eva (advisor) ; Salmonová, Hana (referee)
The main topic of the bachelor thesis is description of occurence of bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of exotic animals and insect.
Afterwards was described a role of probiotic bacteria and influence of nutrition on their occurence. The goal of the practical part of the bachelor thesis was genus-level identification of bifidobacteria in feces samples of exotic animals. After the bacteria cultivation on selective agars, isolates were collected and detection of the enzyme fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase were made.
Bifidobacteria were found just in two samples from analyzed animals.
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Effect of enteral nutrition on the microbiota of children with Crohn's disease
Halbrštátová, Eliška ; Bunešová, Věra (advisor) ; Salmonová, Hana (referee)
Each year there are many facts being discovered, supporting the unexceptionable importance of intestinal microbiota on human health. One of these many fields of interest is the significant role of microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases arising due to disruption to its balance. This bachelor thesis deals with one of the aforementioned inflammatory bowel diseases, namely Crohn's disease, whose occurrence increases not only in children, but in adults also. Because of the fact that there hasn't been discovered any effective drug yet, treatment is targeted on suppressing the inflammation, curtailment of the urgent phase and attaining long term symptomless period. One of treatment options is enteral nutrition, whose influence on microbiota will be investigated in this study. The research is focused on the influence of nutrition in children patients, which differs by its specifics from adult treatment.
Due to the difficulty of the study, from 50 originally classified patients, 15 children patients of Motol University Hospital were selected. Those were subjected to treatment by enteral nutrition for a period of 6 weeks, during which stool samples were taken. Fresh stool samples were used for cultivation and biochemical test.
Cultivated and quantified were the groups of gramnegative bacteria, coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli, total amount of anaerobic bacteria and bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. Biochemical tests were further conducted, those were targeted on the detection and identification of the genus Bifidobacterium in the patient's stool. For identification, the commercial diagnostic system API ZYM was used. With the aim of promoting the conclusiveness of study, samples were preserved for the isolation of bacterial DNA and further research.
A review of the literature proved the fact that in Crohn's disease some of the beneficial bacterial groups are reduced, while, on the other side, quantity of some bacterial groups increases, which converts otherwise beneficial and ordinarily inhabiting groups of the intestinal microbiota to pathogenic ones. So enteral nutrition treatment should support increasing the number of reduced groups and the pathogenic ones should be reduced to benefit of reduced groups.
Summing up the results of our study comes to the conclusion, that expected increase bacteria of the genus Enterococcus a Lactobacillus was achieved, thus confirming efficiency of enteral nutrition treatment. On the contrary, the growth of the bacteria of the genus E. coli and the group of coliform bacteria, together with the downturn of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium, refutes the efficiency of enteral nutrition treatment.
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