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Vliv triazinových pesticidů na ryby
STARÁ, Alžběta
Fish and crayfish are widely used as biological monitors of environmental levels of anthropogenic pollutants. The present thesis is a contribution to the assessment of the toxicity and effects of long-term effect of triazines on the different developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and adult red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The carp was selected as a model fish due to its economic importance, e.g. carp farming contributes about 90% to total fish production in the Czech Republic. Crayfish are easily identified species representing given locality, they are widespread, and they provide a sufficient amount of tissue for individual biochemical and chemical analyses. The results of these studies provide further data on chronic exposure to triazines for consideration in risk assessment. We selected three active substances of triazine herbicides which are the most frequently detected in surface waters such as prometryne, simazine and terbutryn. The findings contribute to knowledge of the toxic potential of triazine herbicides to carp and crayfish at environmentally relevant concentrations in Czech rivers. There is a scarcity of information regarding the toxicity of triazines on freshwater organisms. During the tests we monitored several parameters: behaviour, mortality, biometric, haematological, biochemical blood, histopathology, oxidative stress and antioxidants. The data obtained from all tests performed during my thesis are very valuable for assessment and evaluation of long-term effects xenobiotics on aquatic organisms, especially fish and crayfish. In the future, I would extend the focus of my research for study of possible synergic or amplifying effect of mixtures triazines with other xenobiotics which are often found in the aquatic environment. This approach is recently accented as the aquatic environment is polluted by mixtures of different compounds. Therefore, more research is needed in order to clarify the more detailed effects of xenobiotics on non-target aquatic organisms.
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Antropogenní tlaky na stav půd‚ vodní zdroje a vodní ekosystémy v české části mezinárodního povodí Labe: Výzkum vlivu polutantů přítomných ve vodním prostředí na ryby
Český hydrometeorologický ústav, Praha ; Umea University, Sweden ; Výzkumný ústav rybářský a hydrobiologický ve Vodňanech, Vodňany ; Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, České Budějovice ; Stará, Alžběta ; Steinbach, Christoph ; Grabicová, Kateřina ; Burkina, Viktoriia ; Golovko, Oksana ; Turek, Jan ; Sudová, Eliška ; Máchová, Jana ; Valentová, Olga ; Velíšek, Josef ; Kroupová, Hana ; Kolářová, Jitka ; Fedorova, Ganna ; Žlábek, Vladimír ; Grabic, Roman ; Li, Zhihua ; Randák, Tomáš
Projekt se zabývá vlivem běžných komunálních zdrojů znečištění na vodní prostředí. Získal data charakterizující kontaminci vodních ekosystémů vybranými biologicky aktivními látkami nad a pod vytipovanými zdroji komunálního znečištění a hodnotil jejich vliv na indikátorové organismy - ryby. Je uvedeno vyhodnocení souvislostí mezi výskytem vybraných polutantů ve vodním prostředí a biologickými změnami u indikátorů organismů v laboratorních i přírodních podmínkách.
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Factors determining soil respiration rate in herbaceous wetland ecosystem
STARÁ, Alžběta
Annotation: Soil respiration represents an important flow of CO2 between atmosphere and soil. Carbon bounded in the process of photosynthesis may be fixed in soil, but also may be released back to atmosphere in the form of CO2. An accurate evaluation of global carbon balance is a key for the estimation of future development of atmospheric concentration of CO2 and prediction of climate changes. The soil respiration of selected wetland biotopes with graminoid vegetation was studied in relation to concentration of soil carbon, nutrient availability, soil moisture and soil temperature during the vegetation season 2008. The observed wetlands included a locality located near the village of Hamr with mineral soil and the nature reserve Záblatské meadows with organic soil. Soil respiration was measured as CO2 release from soil with the use of the equipment LiCor 6400 with soil chamber. The influence of fertilizer application on CO2 release was not proved for either locality. A relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture was found on Záblatské meadows, where the CO2 release declined with increasing soil moisture.
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WATER RELATIONS IN THE GLASSHOUSE WITH THE SOLAR GRIDS
STARÁ, Alžběta
Abstract: Growth characteristic of bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied in two cycles according of different optical conditions of environment during the season 2006. Plant experiment proceeded in modular glasshouse with optical rasters. Plants were cultivated front of the different colored areas, blue, orange, red and white. This work was addressed on character reflected radiance from different colored areas and differences in growth reactions of cultivate plants. Influence of different colored wall on plant growth characteristic was statistically conclusive. The observation was made weakly. Effect of radiation was statistically conclusive during measuring of transpiration intesity between individual groups. Dates given with destructive method did not prove influence of color different background on leaf area, neither overground biomass, nor on dry matter and chemical composition of plants.
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