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Neo-sex chromosomes and adaptive potential in tortricid pests
SÝKOROVÁ, Miroslava
Although most of moths and butterflies possess high number of small undifferentiated chromosomes, in the family Tortricidae extraordinary large Z chromosome has been observed. In this study, the physical mapping of this sex chromosome in the major pome fruit pest Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae) revealed a fusion between an ancestral Z chromosome and chromosome 15 in Bombyx mori reference genome. Furthermore, the sex linkage analysis by qPCR has shown that the rearrangement originated in common ancestor of tortricid subfamilies Olethreutinae and Tortricinae. As the Bombyx mori chromosome 15 contains several genes involved in detoxification pathways and insecticide resistance, this fusion could have facilitated adaptive evolution and radiation of tortricid pests.
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Isolation and chromosomal localization of acetylcholinesterase genes in the codling moth, \kur{Cydia pomonella}
SÝKOROVÁ, Miroslava
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera; Tortricoidea) is a major pest of pome fruitand walnut orchards in the world. Due to the intensive chemical control C. pomonella has developed a high resistance to various insecticides. One of the mechanisms of the resistance is acetylcholinesterase insensitivity to carbamates and organophosphates. The insensitivity is based on mutations in one of two genes for acetylcholinesterase. This study deals with testing a hypothesis suggesting that one gene coding for acetylcholinesterase in the codling moth was translocated to the Z sex chromosome. The hypothesis has been latersupported by sex-linked inheritance of insecticide resistance in a related species, Grapholita molesta, and also by a large size of sex hromosomes in the codling moth.
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