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Modeling the impacts of combined climatic events on the growth, development and yield parameters of field thermophilic vegetables and oilseed rape in the decision support system in the field of agrotechnology transfer - DSSAT
Potopová, Vera ; Muntean, N. ; Chawdhery, M. ; Trifan, T. ; Zehnálek, P. ; Soukup, J. ; Potop, I. ; Zahradníček, Pavel ; Možný, Martin
Modeling the impacts of combined climate events on the growth, development and yield parameters of field thermophilic vegetables and oilseed rape in a decision support system in the field of agrotechnology transfer - DSSAT. This book will introduce you to the latest information technologies and their applications in agriculture, including decision support systems, crop simulation models and other computer tools. It should also help you to solve problems at the regional level on issues related to crop production and other issues related to agriculture, natural resource management and cropping systems and food security, as well as issues related to climate change and variability. This professional book offers users the appropriate supplementary material to enable them to continuously meet the demands of a changing climate. The book is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part summarizes basic information about simulations of crop production, water and nutrient management, climate risks and environmental sustainability. In the practical part, the procedures for working in the DSSAT program (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) are presented.
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The phenomenon El Niňo-Southern Oscillation and its possible manifestations on precipitation and temperature patterns in Europe
Benešová, Zuzana ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This thesis deals with the climatic phenomenon El Niňo, Southern Oscillation and its possible manifestations to rainfall and temperature conditions in Europe. This work is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the ways in which you can define El Niňo, explaining basic terms related to El Niňo and brief definitions of these terms. The second part is to answer basic questions about the development of El Niňo, its consequences, its past and future, as well as its predictability. The third and final section deals with the general manifestations of El Niňo, how ENSO affects the weather of midlatitudes and what are the core regions of influence. Furthermore, it is described how ENSO is affecting tropical Pacific. There are also described ENSO manifestations on long distances and eventually possible manifestations in Europe.
ENSO affects weather on almost the entire planet. Exploring long-distance manifestations of ENSO is very important, especially to be able to forecast warm phase of ENSO (El Niňo) and cold phase (La Niňa). With the use of these phenomena we can determine the prognosis of the occurrence of wet or dry weather. Thanks to the predictions of these phenomena we can prevent their negative impacts on ecosystems and on people's lives.
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The incidence of extreme temperatures and their effect on yield parameters of vegetables in the Czech Republic
Švorcová, Petra ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
The thesis is focused to the occurrence of extreme temperatures in the Czech Republic and monitors their effect on the yield of vegetables. The aim is to prepare a review of literature on the impact of extreme weather conditions on yield and quality of selected vegetables. The thesis is focused on the cultivation of vegetables grown for fruit, namely tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Besides meteorological effect they are also taken into consideration environmental conditions, crop rotation, effect of diseases and pests. It is also briefly described growing vegetables, history and specific characteristics of tomato.
The research was carried out on areas of the Elbe and the South Moravian vegetable growing region, they are in the Czech Republic for the cultivation of tomato in terms of temperature and favorable natural conditions perfect. For this study, yield data from 1977 to 2015 for the Czech Republic and Central Bohemia has been used. The relationship between yield of tomato and extreme meteorological indices was investigated. It was prepared by descriptive statistics and trend equations yields of tomatoes in the period, together with variations that are designed after pentads and it was created correlation coefficient with range of favorability or unfavourableness individual indices at different growing seasons phonological phases of tomato to its yield. According to the classification of the correlation coefficient is seen that due to the number of dry days of July were both observed area yields were reduced by 41%. It follows that not only extreme temperatures but also reduce rainfall adversely affect tomato yields. As results, we can mentioned that the proceeds of tomatoes are largely influenced not only by the high temperatures and the subsequent drought, as well as heavy rainfall and floods. Based on the results of this study can be confirmed that the extreme temperatures occurring in our vegetable growing region have on the yield of tomatoes adverse effect.
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The causes of desertification in Africa
Nesrovnal, Evžen ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This bachelor thesis follows the causes, consequences and future impacts of climate change and desertification in Africa and globally. The work is focused on the Convention itself which deals with combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought, especially in developing countries and the related Joint Africa-EU strategy and priority measures. The thesis also deals with the issue of enlargement of deserts and provides a comprehensive overview of areas prone to desertification on all continents. It pays attention to adaptation and mitigation measures at the global level, but also on the African continent and simultaneously due to desertification on agriculture and food security. The last part of the research is a case study of the Sahel which is part of Africa between the 12th and 20th parallel of the northern latitude. It describes the characteristics of the landscape, desertification and possible solutions, eg. appropriate farming practices and habits of the population which is very important to change for development of this highly affected area. Abundant drought in this region had occurred in the 70s, mid-80s and again in the early the 90s of the 20th century, in Sudan since the 70s of the 20th century, each year annual rainfall is reducing. Results based on analysis of historical observations indicate the presence of at least three particularly sensitive regions called the climate "hotspots" - places with the most apparent climate change (rainfall decrease in the dry season is almost one hundred percent).
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The influence of extreme temperatures on milk production of dairy cows in the Czech Republic
Strachová, Nikola ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with influences of extreme environmental temperatures on
milk production of dairy cows. It describes a heat stress formation limit and its effects on milk
yield, composition of milk and cattle reproduction. It explains in detail the mechanisms of
thermoregulation at high and low ambient/cowsheds temperatures over the thermoneutral
zone limit. It analyses the ways of hyperthermia elimination, whilst assuming that none of the
above methods is perfect. The thesis describes measured climatic indices in context with the
desired values of cattle. It further deals with impacts of livestock production on the world
macroclimate and finally how the climate changes affect cattle breeding. Results show that
microclimate parameters such as air temperature (°C) and the relative humidity (%) indoors of
cowsheds are strongly connected with outdoors, weather conditions and vary accordingly.
This study confirms that livestock producers in Central Europe are now more and
more aware of the fact that the heat stress caused by high environmental temperatures is an
important factor affecting the economy of their breeding. Moreover, global and regional
climate models project further changes of climate conditions towards higher temperatures
over European continent and the Czech Republic.
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The development of thermophilic vegetables grown in the Czech Republic in relation to climate
Zechovská, Andrea ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with the yield and quality parameters of thermophilic vegetables according to the risk occurrences of extreme weather events in the Czech Republic. This thesis is also focused on the impact of climate change and extreme weather events on development of vegetable crops, and possible cultivation of thermophilic vegetables outside of typical growing areas.
The major part of vegetable production is affected by agro-climate, biological, technical and economic aspects. The main tasks of this study are follows: (i) to combine daily meteorological variables with annual yield datasets, (ii) to provide basic statistical analysis of yield of thermophilic vegetables and weather events, and (iii) to identify days with heat stress (both the spring frost and tropical days) during the growing cycle of thermophilic vegetables for the period from 2005 to 2015.
This thesis also contains detailed research of phenological phases of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) during each farming year and impact of different weather extreme events on plant development and yield. Results based on the analysis of historical meteorological observations and descriptive statistics of yield parameters indicate that the positive factors are higher temperatures, optimal rainfall in combination with irrigation and higher intensity of global solar radiation. Conversely, frosts days during planting and increased intensity of rainfall in all phenological phases are detected as negative factors.
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Expected impact of climate change and their relationship to distribution, growth and development of thermophilic fruit trees in the Czech Republic
Ciprová, Lenka ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
The main objective of the Master's thesis is to collect and evaluate scientific information and processing datasets of expected impact of climate change and their relationship to distribution, growth and development of thermophilic fruit trees in the Czech Republic. The first and second parts of the literature research are focused on the impact of global warning and economic/agricultural conditions on growth and development of the thermophilic species of fruit trees at the global, regional and local levels. The next section deals with the relationship of thermophilic fruit trees production with climatic, soil conditions, phenology and economic factors, which greatly affect yields in the Czech Republic.
This study was conducted on daily meteorological variables (sum of global radiation, maximum and minimum temperatures) and annual yield datasets of Apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris) and Peach (Prunus Persica) trees at the country level for the period 2005-2015. The obtained new results can be divided into 3 parts: (1) catalogue of meteorological phenomena during the growing season, (2) catalogue of meteorological phenomena during the period of dormancy, and (3) statistical analyses of meteorological extreme events during flower/flowering formation of the Apricot and Peach trees.
Results based on the analysis of historical phenological observations and descriptive statistics of yield parameters of thermophilic fruit trees over the study period shown that (i) mainly spring phenological stages of the thermophilic fruit trees shown a tendency to an earlier onset, (ii) the highest variability in the phenophase onsets of Apricot and Peach are in the inflorescence emergence and beginning of flowering, (iii) the coefficients of variation were higher for Peach with year-to-year variations in crop yields, and (iv) Peach had the largest fluctuations in average annual production (from 0.48 to of 0.72 tha-1 year-1).
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