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Influence of tumor microenvironment, cellular and humoral immunity on cancer pathogenesis.
Špaček, Jan ; Závadová, Eva (advisor) ; Petráková, Katarína (referee) ; Kopečková, Kateřina (referee)
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the Czech Republic. Breast cancer and colorectal cancer have relatively high mortality rate. One of the areas of current clinical research in oncology is the study of prognostic biomarkers, which aims to optimize the decision-making process for a patient. Immune response and processes in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to influence to a large extent the biological nature of the tumor in terms of its aggressiveness and ability to metastasize in the host's body. There are certain tumors that could induce a strong immune response, while others do not. The ability to induce an anti-tumor cell response and to attract specific lymphocyte subpopulations directly into tumor tissue has been shown to be very closely related to the prognosis of cancer patients. There is evidence and correlation of the presence of so-called tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissue and overall patient survival. Stratification of cancer patients based on immuno-predictors both in the plasma and directly in the tumor microenvironment makes it possible to identify suitable candidates for rediscovered modern anti-tumor immunotherapy, which can already be considered a standard therapeutic modality. In our projects, we focused on the identification of biomarkers that...
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The Role of Genetic Mutations in Breast Cancer
Šustr, Jan ; Fínek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Petráková, Katarína (referee) ; Prausová, Jana (referee)
Introduction: About 5 - 10% of breast carcinomas are caused by genetic mutations. The most common genetic mutation that is involved in the development of this malignancy is a mutation in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1/2 whose carriers have approximately a 70% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. The prognosis of patients with BRCA1/2-asociated breast carcinoma, compared to patients with sporadic breast carcinoma is the subject of many studies with ambiguous results. Aim: The aim of the theoretical part of this work was to approach the issue of breast cancer and the most common genetic syndromes associated with it. In the practical part of this work a retrospective study was carried out in order to compare BRCA1/2 mutated breast cancer patients with non-mutated breast cancer patients in the tumor profile, methods of treatment and prognosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 134 patients who were tested for the presence of BRCA1/2 mutation at the Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital in Pilsen during the years 2013-2018 and at the same time were treated for early breast cancer at the University Hospital in Pilsen during the years 2000-2020. 32 patients were BRCA1 positive (24%), 10 BRCA2 positive (7%) and 92 without BRCA1/2 mutation (69%). The follow- up time was...
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Influence of tumor microenvironment, cellular and humoral immunity on cancer pathogenesis.
Špaček, Jan ; Závadová, Eva (advisor) ; Petráková, Katarína (referee) ; Kopečková, Kateřina (referee)
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the Czech Republic. Breast cancer and colorectal cancer have relatively high mortality rate. One of the areas of current clinical research in oncology is the study of prognostic biomarkers, which aims to optimize the decision-making process for a patient. Immune response and processes in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to influence to a large extent the biological nature of the tumor in terms of its aggressiveness and ability to metastasize in the host's body. There are certain tumors that could induce a strong immune response, while others do not. The ability to induce an anti-tumor cell response and to attract specific lymphocyte subpopulations directly into tumor tissue has been shown to be very closely related to the prognosis of cancer patients. There is evidence and correlation of the presence of so-called tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissue and overall patient survival. Stratification of cancer patients based on immuno-predictors both in the plasma and directly in the tumor microenvironment makes it possible to identify suitable candidates for rediscovered modern anti-tumor immunotherapy, which can already be considered a standard therapeutic modality. In our projects, we focused on the identification of biomarkers that...
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