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Deformation of Venus in response to surface loading
Dizov, Alexandr ; Čadek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Patočka, Vojtěch (referee)
Analysis of Venus' topography, geoid and other orbital measurements pinpoints two re- gions considerably different from their surroundings. Regions are Ishtar Terra and western parts of Aphrodite Terra. These regions are notably older, composed from non-basaltic rocks, show far less volcanic activity and relatively low admittance. One of hypotheses explaining such differences is that these regions are ancient continents and their surroun- dings were at one point flooded with basaltic magma. In this work we carry out series of numerical experiments and show that it is possible if we consider there is a thick, highly viscous lithosphere and thick crust. In parts of this work we also consider possibility, that some other regions (Tellus Regio, Imdr Regio) are hilltops of ancient continents, that were completely sunk by the basaltic flood, but after comparison with measured data from Venus we show it is not the case. 1
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Tidal heating of Neptun's moon Triton
Beran, Vít ; Čadek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Patočka, Vojtěch (referee)
We study the largest Neptune's moon Triton and the anelastic deformation associated with the obliquity tides by employing spectral methods. For this purpose, we developed our Python 3 program and computed tidal heating for both conductive and convective heat transfer mechanisms in Triton's ice shell. We found that the conductive mechanism predicts marginal powers. However, we had found a family of convective models that anticipates tidal powers of 25- 30 GW, which is not enough to maintain a subsurface ocean but it represents a non-negligible amount. We also found that most of the heating is concentrated around the equator, which raises the question of the connection between tidal heating and cryovolcanism and cantaloupe terrain on Triton. 1
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The extent of legal liability of the State for misconduct in the exercise of state powers
Patočka, Vojtěch ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
In the presented work I study the concept of liability of the State for misconduct in the exercise of state powers. The main aim is to show why this concept needs to be different from the one we know from civil law. The legal relationship between the State and an individual is a relationship that differs from the one we know from civil law, given that it is related to the exercise of power. Therefore we have to construct specific legal conditions in order to find the State liable for damages that an individual may suffer in such a relationship. In the first part I question the main function of the State's liability for damages. I show that it has good influence on the administrative bodies in the way that it forces them to follow the law. On the other hand this influence must not be overestimated. In the next part I study the basic elements and conditions of liability. I work with the domestic law as well as with the liability principles formed by the judicial decisions of the EU Court of Justice. I compare both these systems of liability for damages with regard to how they respond to the specific features of the relationship between a State and an individual. Final part of this work tries to explain why different branches of state power should be treated differently. I show on examples what kind...
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Maxwell-type viscoelasticity in small and large deformations of planetary mantles
Patočka, Vojtěch ; Čadek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Průša, Vít (referee) ; Tosi, Nicola (referee)
Title: Maxwell-type viscoelasticity in small and large deformations of planetary mantles Author: Mgr. RNDr. Vojtěch Patočka Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Ondřej Čadek, CSc., Department of Geophysics Abstract: A present limitation of global-scale simulations of planetary interi- ors is that they assume a purely viscous or viscoplastic flow law for solid rock, i.e. elasticity is ignored. This is not a good assumption in the cold and strong outermost mantle layer known as the lithosphere, which seems to maintain its elastic properties even on time scales corresponding to the geological processes of subduction or sedimentation. Here we overcome such simplification and present a numerical tool for modelling visco-elasto-plastic mantle convection. The most promising new feature of the resulting models is related to the ability of vis- coelastic materials to remember deformation experienced in the past. Thus, the growing viscoelastic lithosphere of a cooling planet, when subject to internal or surface loading, can store information about its thickness at the time of loading. This phenomena is consistent with datasets of the effective elastic thicknesses determined in flexure studies and we label it here as the "stress memory effect". Attention is also paid to the theoretical foundations...
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The extent of legal liability of the State for misconduct in the exercise of state powers
Patočka, Vojtěch ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
In the presented work I study the concept of liability of the State for misconduct in the exercise of state powers. The main aim is to show why this concept needs to be different from the one we know from civil law. The legal relationship between the State and an individual is a relationship that differs from the one we know from civil law, given that it is related to the exercise of power. Therefore we have to construct specific legal conditions in order to find the State liable for damages that an individual may suffer in such a relationship. In the first part I question the main function of the State's liability for damages. I show that it has good influence on the administrative bodies in the way that it forces them to follow the law. On the other hand this influence must not be overestimated. In the next part I study the basic elements and conditions of liability. I work with the domestic law as well as with the liability principles formed by the judicial decisions of the EU Court of Justice. I compare both these systems of liability for damages with regard to how they respond to the specific features of the relationship between a State and an individual. Final part of this work tries to explain why different branches of state power should be treated differently. I show on examples what kind...
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