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The influence of the number of plants on the yield of winter wheat in the context of precision seeding technologies
Paclt, Ladislav ; Brant, Václav (advisor) ; Zábranský, Petr (referee)
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most commonly grown cereal in the Czech Republic. The sowing area covers about 795 000 hectares. Quality seed is a good basis for the formation of stand structure during development, which is reflected in the yield and quality of production. The structure of the stand is shaped primarily by the number of plants per unit area, thereby the amount of seed rate. In traditional agricultural practice, the amount of seed rate is determined mainly by sowing date and agricultural production area. It is used convertion MKZ to weight in kg. Required quantity of seed is therefore given in kg and not in seed number. Commonly used seeding-machines moreover, are not able to precisely follow the seed sown.
The aim of this study was based on field experiments to assess the effect of different seeding rates in precision sowing on wheat yield. It is known that wheat plants have exceptional compensation capability, which consists mainly in tillering. When precise positioning of seeds per unit area, which maximally eliminates competition between plants, therefore, even in reduced seed rate should not shown to decrease yield. It was also evaluated the effect of the application of fertilizer during sowing into the zone of plant roots.
Field experiments were carried out in the years 2014/2015 in the locality Budihostice (Central Bohemia), GPS coordinates 50 ° 17'48.664 "N, 14 ° 14'36.130" E. For seeding carried out 3. 10. 2014 was used test modular drill Farmet with width of 1.5 m and with the use of precision seeding. The zonal application to a depth of 85 and 180 mm at seeding was used NPK fertilizer (15/15/15) in a uniform dose of 80 kg/ha. Seed rate in the experimental plots ranged from 200 to 350 grains per m2. Control variant representing conventionally planting was established with a seed rate of 450 grains per m2. Total was based six variants without fertilization, six variants with the location of the fertilizer to a depth loosening of 85 and 180 mm and the control variant. Harvest was 30. 7. 2015.
Differences in the number of plants are primarily reflected in the number of ears on a single plant. This factor was the most important yield-forming element. Lower yield compared with the control variant, which achieved yield 9,509 t/ha, was set on plots with the number of plants under 200 pieces per m2. In areas with a number of plants more than 200 pieces per m2 was beyond one variant set higher yield. Variants with the number of plants more than 230 pieces per m2 and fertilization achieved a higher yield than areas without fertilization. These differences were not statistically significant. Influence of zonal fertilization was not surely proved.
The experiments have shown that reducing the number of plants per unit area may be due stand compensation capability provide similar yields as conventional variant.
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