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Genome analysis techniques and their applications in elucidation of molecular underpinnings of rare genetic diseases.
Přistoupilová, Anna ; Kmoch, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sedláček, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pačes, Jan (referee)
Rare diseases represent a heterogeneous group of more than ~7000 different diseases, affecting 3,5-5,9% of the global population. Most rare diseases are genetic, but causal genes are known only in some of them. Many patients with rare diseases remain without a diagnosis, which is crucial for genetic counseling, prevention, and treatment. With the development of new methods of genome analysis, decreasing cost of sequencing, and increasing knowledge of the human genome, a new concept for identifying disease-causing genes was established. It is based on comparing the patient's genetic variability with the genetic variability of the general population. This dissertation describes next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS), bioinformatic analysis of acquired data and their applications in the elucidation of molecular underpinnings of rare genetic diseases. These procedures have led to the identification and characterization of causal genes and gene mutations in autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (SEC61A1, MUC1), autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN6, DNAJC5), neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology (VPS15), Acadian variant of Fanconi syndrome (NDUFAF6) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMN1). The application of novel genome analysis techniques increased the...
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Návrh Real-Time PCR testu pro detekci Aphibiocystidium ranae jako modelového druhu pro studium rhinosporidiózy
Přistoupilová, Anna ; Pačes, Jan (advisor) ; Vopálenský, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to develop species-specific Real-Time PCR assay for detection of frog parasite Amphibiocystidium ranae as a model approach for studying rhinosporidiosis in human, caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. Similarities of these parasites allow to study human rhinosporidiosis by analogy. Sequences of the gene for 18S rRNA of Amphibiocystidium ranae were analysed by multiple sequence alignment with sequences of closely related organisms found in GenBank nucleotide database. Amphibiocystidium ranae-specific regions were found and three primer sets were designed, two of them together with probe to increase specificity. Specificity was checked against GenBank nucleotide database and ribosomal RNA database SILVA. Primer sets were tested on samples taken from frogs. Specificity was confirmed by melting curve analysis. Amphibiocystidium ranae-specific Real-Time PCR assay was developed and can be used for detection of this parasite.
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Application of novel DNA sequencing techniques in biomedical research
Přistoupilová, Anna ; Kmoch, Stanislav (advisor) ; Mašek, Tomáš (referee)
Next generation sequencing technologies are changing the way scientific experiments and diseases diagnostics are performed and thus will allow what is called personalized medicine. The sense of presented thesis is to make survey of new approaches to DNA sequencing and demonstrate usage and constraints of bioinformatic analytical tools available to day. Discussed techniques are then applied to the case study of finding molecular basis for rare hereditary disease. Introductory part deals with overview of commercially available sequencing techniques (454 Life Science, Applied Biosystems, Illumina, Helicos). Fundamentals of each method are described and possible further development is outlined. Post sequencing data analysis is than discussed in details. In practical section we demonstrate genome analysis techniques successfully used to reveal causal mutation in the gene responsible for adult form of autozomal neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL). Combination of linkage analysis (Merlin), copy number variant analysis (Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0), analysis of expression profiles (HumanRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChips) and exome sequencing (SOLiD™ 4 System) has been applied to members of one ANCL family. We also paid attention to comparison, evaluation and selection of available mapping algorithms used in...
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