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The existence of EGAP in relation of market and state failures (costs and benefits of EGAP for Czech Republic)
Pýcha, Mikuláš ; Mandel, Martin (advisor) ; Havlíček, David (referee)
Diploma thesis focuses on an issue regarding the state interventions into market economy and provides the explanation, how does different economic ideas approach this issue and whether they support or deny the state interventions. It focuses in detail on support that is provided towards exporting companies. Czech Republic has two export credit agencies, firstly Export Guarantee and Insurance Corporation (EGAP) and secondly Czech Export Bank (CEB). This diploma thesis analyses only EGAP´s structure and quantifies the impact of its existence on Czech economy. In a first part we analyze historical evolution of ideologies that deals with state interventions and market failures in connection with support for exporters. It continues by description how international institutions like WTO or OECD work. Rules for export credit agencies, which summarize Consensus OECD, are closely analyzed. From this point forward the practical part begins to focus on EGAP´s structure. Firstly we describe the mechanism of support through the specific insurance products for exporters, following by analysis of uncommon structure of premium rate. The diploma thesis presents EGAP´s different approach in areas of regulation, structure of shareholders and uncommon risks insuring from regular commercial insurance company. In the last part we describe the procedure of evaluating the output of EGAP´s support for its whole existence. The analysis measures the profits and losses in related areas that were supported by EGAP´s insurance products. Mainly these areas are following: Accumulated loss of EGAP, The amount of profit amongst supported exporters, The amount of profit amongst financing banks and in the end the analysis of the positive impact on the unemployment in Czech Republic. The result should show, how convenient is for government to possess such an institution, especially nowadays when all developed countries do own similar institutions.
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Oligopolization of banking industry in Czech republic
Pýcha, Mikuláš ; Mandel, Martin (advisor) ; Šíma, Ondřej (referee)
Bachelor thesis is targeting towards problem with oligopoly and capital accumulation of banks. This thesis analyses contemporary issues in financial world, which results from capitalistic order and it mostly focuses on banking industry. Firstly we focus on history of oligopoly and monopoly that are closely related to Karl Marx and his thoughts. Then we subscribe terms of oligopoly and monopoly and reasons why do they arise. Primarily we examine concepts of economies of scale or entrance barriers, those are often related to market failures and inception of oligopoly. Furthermore we devote to oligopoly models, which show how to reach equilibrium. The fundamental goal for this thesis is to analyze Czech banking industry and to prove the fact that it works under oligopoly structures. In order to prove these oligopoly structures we have to demonstrate that Czech banks reach extraordinary profits. In oligopoly a bigger bank should reach greater relative profit, which we deeply analyze. For measuring and proving oligopoly power we use procedures that are usually being used by European Central Bank. Most importantly it is the share of five largest banking institutions or Herfindahl-Hirschman index. These figures we also compare with foreign countries and try to find reliance of oligopoly power on the size of the country. In that order we choose countries that are more likely to form stronger oligopoly structures. The main objective of this thesis is to prove than banks are achieving extraordinary profits in Czech banking industry and emphasize the fact that banks holds the upper hand over clients.
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