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International legal instruments for fighting illegal drug trafficking
Mifková, Miroslava ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
Resumé International trafficking in drugs is one of the gravest global issues. Its combating deserves due attention. In the course of the last hundred years, a series of international conventions were adopted for this cause. The crucial international legal instruments for combating illicit drug trafficking are the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961), the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971) and foremost, the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988). The first two Conventions focus primarily on legal manipulation with narcotic and psychotropic substances via administrative measures. The goal is to limit them for medical and scientific use only and thus prevent their transfer into illegal channels. The third Convention deals with drug control via criminal law measures. The Parties to the Convention are to incriminate certain offences connected to drug trafficking and apply appropriate sanctions. The Convention also introduces measures against the transfer of proceedings of crime. It further deals with confiscation, extradition, jurisdiction issues and mutual legal assistance. The main bodies in the international fight against illegal trafficking are the UN Commission on Narcotics, International Narcotics Control Board and UN Office...
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International legal instruments for fighting illegal drug trafficking
Mifková, Miroslava ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
Resumé International trafficking in drugs is one of the gravest global issues. Its combating deserves due attention. In the course of the last hundred years, a series of international conventions were adopted for this cause. The crucial international legal instruments for combating illicit drug trafficking are the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961), the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971) and foremost, the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988). The first two Conventions focus primarily on legal manipulation with narcotic and psychotropic substances via administrative measures. The goal is to limit them for medical and scientific use only and thus prevent their transfer into illegal channels. The third Convention deals with drug control via criminal law measures. The Parties to the Convention are to incriminate certain offences connected to drug trafficking and apply appropriate sanctions. The Convention also introduces measures against the transfer of proceedings of crime. It further deals with confiscation, extradition, jurisdiction issues and mutual legal assistance. The main bodies in the international fight against illegal trafficking are the UN Commission on Narcotics, International Narcotics Control Board and UN Office...
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The Impact of Drug Cartel Activities on International Relations (Latin American Cocaine Cartels)
Mifková, Miroslava ; Druláková, Radka (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
Organizations active in cocaine trafficking are not cartels in the proper sense of the word. They are rather complex differentiated networks with flexible relations, where both cooperation and competition is present. In general the impacts of cocaine trafficking are economic, political, diplomatic and impacts on public order. The key participants in cocaine trafficking are producer states Colombia, Peru and Bolivia, the main consumer markets are the United States and the European Union. Cocaine trafficking is on the rise in the long run, however, a decline was witnessed recently. The impacts of cocaine trafficking for the US and the EU are similar in their nature, however, they are much more grave for the US because of a longer functioning and a much bigger national cocaine market. Consequently, the US and the EU perceive the cocaine threat differently: for the US it represents a national security threat, whereas for the EU it is mainly a societal threat. A comparison of the US and EU policies towards cocaine production and trafficking shows that the US one is more active, with a broader focus and frequently of a coercive nature. Its goals are the eradication of coca, cocaine and cocaine trafficking organizations. The EU focuses on indirect eradication through social and economic development in producer areas and regional cooperation.
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