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Cropping management influence on epigeic arthropods´ biodiversity
Michalčíková, Lenka ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor)
Soil biota is critical for many functions Agro Ecosystems, provides various ecosystem services. Has an impact on the water regime of soil, detoxify contaminants like. These processes (and organisms that control) determines plant growth and thus maintain long-term productivity of ecosystems Agro. Soil also hosts many invertebrate herbivores, microbial pathogens and rhizosphere organisms that have a direct impact on the growth of crops. Modi fi cation of vegetation and soil themselves agricultural activities affect soil biota, which has retroactive effect on plant growth and nutrient turnover. Indirect influence of soil biota in agriculture lies in the manipulation of plant cover, which affects the quality and quantity of organic inputs to the soil (Bartak, 2002). Just as property of the soil by soil organisms, employee participation, and vice versa soil organisms react sensitively to any changes of soil environment (Barrios, 2007).
This view of individual species allows us to analyze the composition of Agro biota. For many systematic groups agrobiocenóza formed predominantly species of group 2, thus representing a degradation stage agrobiocenóza original cenózy in other taxa in turn is substantially represented group 3. Specific agrobiocenózy composition also depends on the type of culture and forms management (Barták 2002).
Traditional technology tillage. Basic tillage involves plowing, plowing, and their treatment, deepening topsoil, undermining and deep soil loosening. Tillage to regulate the conditions for plant growth and development. Further modifying the physical state of the ground, regulates the ratio between water and air in the soil, acts on the activity of microorganisms and invertebrates; tillage accelerates mineralization of organic substances affects Humicola fi cation processes in the soil. The level of tillage is strongly reflected in the development of plants during all vegetation (Faměra, 1993). According Suškeviče (1997) is essential in conventional agriculture obdělávacím surgery and one of the most important measures agrotechnical plowing. Minimizing tillage systems Reducing tillage intensity, ie. Minimization system and direct the mean substantial benefits for soil fertility. The intensity of tillage has a big impact on her fertility and maturity. Such as soil fertility is understood its long-term ability to procreate, while the maturity of the soil is a measure of soil structure supporting the right fertility. The key indicators of soil fertility are the aggregation of soil particles (density, clay and humus complexes), porosity and water content and soil nutrients. The high humus content, high biological activity and low erosion are the determining factors behind the high fertility of the soil. Minimization and soil conservation systems, these factors promote (Köller and Linke, 2006).
Many previous studies comparing the biodiversity of farmland under different management systems. These studies cover a wide range of taxa. Hole et al. (2005) 76 worthy of such studies. Regarding cultivation practices, there is work comparing biodiversity much less. For example Schier (2006) considers the soil conservation tillage of the soil behind friendly environment which is favorable for arthropods, particularly insects.
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