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Diversity of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot in the Czech Republic
Pešicová, Kamila ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Mazáková, Jana (referee)
Neofabraea is a genus of an important plant pathogenic fungi having worldwide appearance. Four Neofabraea species are responsible for bull's eye rot of pome fruits. The aim of this thesis was to investigate which of these species occur in the Czech Republic. 81 isolates were collected during a two- year period and they were identified using PCR fingerprinting (primers ERIC 1R and M13-core) and DNA sequencing (ITS, mtSSU and tub2). The results showed that species N. alba, N. perennans and Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii occur in the Czech Republic. According to available information, this is the second record of C. kienholzii in Europe. One isolate (KP4) failed to be identified as any of the species. KP4 is very close to C. kienholzii, but it can be distinguished both biologically and genetically. Furthermore, the aggressiveness of individual species was compared.N. perennans and strain KP4 proved to be most aggressive, the least aggressive is C. kienholzii. Two N. alba strains (KP36 and KP37) isolated from healthy apple fruit and leaf are pathogenic for apple fruits. Keywords: aggressiveness, Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii, Dermateaceae, Helotiales, apple tree, Malus, PCR fingerprinting, postharvest diseases Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Mycobiota of energy sorrel
Janďourková, Hana ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Mazáková, Jana (referee)
Energy sorrel (Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A. Los.) is a plant with a high yield of above-ground biomass. Because of this, it is grown as energy crop, but in Ukraine it is also important forage crop. Mycobiota has not been examined, even though energy sorrel is grown in the Czech Republic experimentally since 1992 (in agricultural operations since 2001). The aims of this thesis were: to determine the composition of mycobiota of healthy plants and of mycobiota associated with leaf and stem spots, to verify whether fungi isolated from spots can cause these spots and if previously isolated fungus Phomopsis sp. can cause spots. Samples were colected from 4 sites in Czech republic, in three samplings during the vegetation season. Endophytes were isolated from root, stem and leaf. Fungi asociated with spots were isolated from stem and leaf. Fungi were cultivated on 2% malt extract agar and then morphologically determined. From representative strains were isolated DNA and sequences of the ITS region were compared with the GenBank databases, this verified the morphological determination and the sterile species were determined. The most common endophytes were Clonostachys rosea f. rosea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus, Alternaria alternata a Acremonium strictum...
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Mycobiota of energy sorrel
Janďourková, Hana ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Mazáková, Jana (referee)
Energy sorrel (Rumex patientia L. x Rumex tianschanicus A. Los.) is a plant with a high yield of above-ground biomass. Because of this, it is grown as energy crop, but in Ukraine it is also important forage crop. Mycobiota has not been examined, even though energy sorrel is grown in the Czech Republic experimentally since 1992 (in agricultural operations since 2001). The aims of this thesis were: to determine the composition of mycobiota of healthy plants and of mycobiota associated with leaf and stem spots, to verify whether fungi isolated from spots can cause these spots and if previously isolated fungus Phomopsis sp. can cause spots. Samples were colected from 4 sites in Czech republic, in three samplings during the vegetation season. Endophytes were isolated from root, stem and leaf. Fungi asociated with spots were isolated from stem and leaf. Fungi were cultivated on 2% malt extract agar and then morphologically determined. From representative strains were isolated DNA and sequences of the ITS region were compared with the GenBank databases, this verified the morphological determination and the sterile species were determined. The most common endophytes were Clonostachys rosea f. rosea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus, Alternaria alternata a Acremonium strictum...
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Diversity of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot in the Czech Republic
Pešicová, Kamila ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Mazáková, Jana (referee)
Neofabraea is a genus of an important plant pathogenic fungi having worldwide appearance. Four Neofabraea species are responsible for bull's eye rot of pome fruits. The aim of this thesis was to investigate which of these species occur in the Czech Republic. 81 isolates were collected during a two- year period and they were identified using PCR fingerprinting (primers ERIC 1R and M13-core) and DNA sequencing (ITS, mtSSU and tub2). The results showed that species N. alba, N. perennans and Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii occur in the Czech Republic. According to available information, this is the second record of C. kienholzii in Europe. One isolate (KP4) failed to be identified as any of the species. KP4 is very close to C. kienholzii, but it can be distinguished both biologically and genetically. Furthermore, the aggressiveness of individual species was compared.N. perennans and strain KP4 proved to be most aggressive, the least aggressive is C. kienholzii. Two N. alba strains (KP36 and KP37) isolated from healthy apple fruit and leaf are pathogenic for apple fruits. Keywords: aggressiveness, Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii, Dermateaceae, Helotiales, apple tree, Malus, PCR fingerprinting, postharvest diseases Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The influence of essential oils on nematode Heterodera schachtii
Rejchrtová, Pavlína ; Zouhar, Miloslav (advisor) ; Mazáková, Jana (referee)
The sugarbeet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) belong to one of the most importatnt pests of sugar beet in our country and also worldwide. Its occurrence cause economic losses on growing sugar beet. High contamination of fields can lead to interruption of cultivation of sugar beet.
The purpose of my thesis was make searches on topic of the sugarbeet cyst nematode (BCN), its occurrence, life cycle, the symptoms of attack and preventive and other protection options. Next target was examinete the impact of selected essential oils on mortality of H. schachtii and their direct or indirect effects on BCN under controlled greenhouse conditions in pot experiment.
For testing of dirrect effect of essential oils 23 various essential oils from two companies (Salus and Sigma) were taken. Firstly 0,5 % concentration of essential oils was tested. For each variant was established three replicates, and two control variant. The sugarbeet cyst nematodes were exposed to the direct action of the essential oils for 24 hours, then the experiment was evaluated. In the case of essences FV, FEO, ANO, PA and TAO were further tested concentrations of 0,4 %, 0,3 %, 0,2 % and 0,1 %. For testing of indirrect effect of essences were ranked five essential oils (FV, FEO, PA, ANO, TAO) showing in the direct effect testing experiment 100% efficiency on nematode mortality. After 24 hours of incubation, the fitrate papers with nematodes were transfered into Baerman funnels and living nematode were extracted and counted. For testing the efficiency of essential oils under in vivo conditions were established pot tests under controlled greenhouse condition. It was founded 5 variants (FV, FEO, PA, ANO, TAO) and control variant (K), each of the five repetions. After 90 days was experiment evaluated by extraction of nematode cysts by Fenwick can.
From the experimental results I can conclude, that different essential oils used in this study showed various effectiveness on mortality of sugar beet cyst nematode. Results of pot experiment suggest statisticaly significant difference of the number of cysts. Results of pot tests also showed, that essential oils had also some influence on the growth characteristics of sugar beet, namely ground biomass and root system weight.
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