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Local adaptation of the rare herb Aster amellus in fragmented landscape
Raabová, Jana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lepš, Jan (referee) ; Matthies, Diethart (referee)
This thesis aimed to test specific hypothesis conceming habitat differentiation, local adaptationand outbreedingdepressionof the rare herb of dry calcareous grasslands,lsler amellus. Chapter I examined habitat requirementsof diploid and hexaploid A. amellus and their role in segregationof the two cýotypes in the Czech Republic. I chose three diploid and six hexaploid populations belonging to two habitat types (with low and high productivity). To test for differences in fundamental niche between the two cýobpes' I analysedhabitatcharacteristicsof sites occupiedby each cýotype and usedreciprocalhansplantexperiments.Then,I testedtheeffectsofhabitattype,ploidy level andpopulationoforigin on plantperformancein theexperiments. Sites of diploid and hexaploid populationsdiffered significantly in vegetation and soil propertiesbut much overlap existed in habitat characteristicsof the two cytotypes. Diploids had overall higher flowering percentage than hexaploids, suggesting differences between the two cytotypes. However, plants frorn sites with low productivity also flowered more than plants from sites with high productivity. Moreover, the largest differences in survival, leaf length and flowering were found amongplants from different populations.This suggeststhatoverall performanceoťl. amellus differs more...
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Local adaptation of the rare herb Aster amellus in fragmented landscape
Raabová, Jana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lepš, Jan (referee) ; Matthies, Diethart (referee)
This thesis aimed to test specific hypothesis conceming habitat differentiation, local adaptationand outbreedingdepressionof the rare herb of dry calcareous grasslands,lsler amellus. Chapter I examined habitat requirementsof diploid and hexaploid A. amellus and their role in segregationof the two cýotypes in the Czech Republic. I chose three diploid and six hexaploid populations belonging to two habitat types (with low and high productivity). To test for differences in fundamental niche between the two cýobpes' I analysedhabitatcharacteristicsof sites occupiedby each cýotype and usedreciprocalhansplantexperiments.Then,I testedtheeffectsofhabitattype,ploidy level andpopulationoforigin on plantperformancein theexperiments. Sites of diploid and hexaploid populationsdiffered significantly in vegetation and soil propertiesbut much overlap existed in habitat characteristicsof the two cytotypes. Diploids had overall higher flowering percentage than hexaploids, suggesting differences between the two cytotypes. However, plants frorn sites with low productivity also flowered more than plants from sites with high productivity. Moreover, the largest differences in survival, leaf length and flowering were found amongplants from different populations.This suggeststhatoverall performanceoťl. amellus differs more...
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Effect of plant-animal interactions on individual performance and population dynamics of Scorzonera hispanica
Červenková, Zita ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Matthies, Diethart (referee) ; Jersáková, Jana (referee)
The population dynamics of plants with regard to plant-animal interactions is a remarkably complex topic. To look into how individual life stages are influenced in different directions by various animals is beyond the scope of a single paper. For each of the studies described below, I and my co-authors attempted to collect data that would cover as much of the plant life cycle as possible, focusing on interactions between plants and different animals during the flowering period and their consequences for the overall dynamics of the species Scorzonera hispanica at the local and landscape scale. Putting all the studies together allowed me to gain a better picture of the network of relationships between plant properties, animal activity and their effects on overall plant performance. In Study 1, we focus on factors influencing germination, early growth and survival. The results show better performance in seedlings from larger seeds and from larger populations. Seed weight affected the germination rate, seedling growth within the first two months and seedling survival. Mother plant traits did not affect any of the variables studied, even though the performance of seedlings from individual mother plants did differ. Because the seed mass was the most important factor affecting germination and seedling...
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