|
| |
|
|
Protective effect of pro-cognitive training during adolescence on neuronal coordination deficit in a pharmacological model of schizophrenia.
Krajčovič, Branislav ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee)
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms with poor functional outcomes, placing an enormous burden on the individual, caregivers and society. Although deficits in cognition are an integral part of the disease and the best predictor of functional outcomes, there is as yet no established treatment addressing them. Avoidance of a hidden place on a continuously rotating arena (Carousel) requires cognitive control and is a rodent model of cognitive coordination of information from dissociated spatial frames, which is impaired in acute pharmacological and neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Cognitive training on the Carousel during adolescence alleviates adult cognitive deficit in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia and improves neural coordination (oscilations in the beta and gamma band), which is thought to be necessary for cognition. We examined if cognitive training during adolescence eliminates the deficit in neuronal coordination observed in adult rats after acute systemic NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg). During adolescence, rats were either trained in spatial avoidance on Carousel or merely handled. As adults, rats received two 5-min exploration sessions in the same (A/A) or in two distinct...
|
|
| |
|
|
Impaired cognitive coordination on a rotating arena after systemic dizocilpine (MK-801).
Buchtová, Helena ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Olexová, Lucia (referee)
Disruption of cognitive abilities such as learning, memory and spatial navigation accompanies a number of neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Cognitive symptoms are also most difficult to target by available pharmacotherapy.. Behavioral and molecular evidence point to a disruption of NMDA receptors and glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Impaired cognitive coordination has been proposed as a core cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. Non- competitive NMDAR antagonists are used to model schizophrenia- related symptoms in humans and in experimental animals. Place avoidance on a rotating arena is used to model cognitive functions disrupted in an animal model of schizophrenia. The goal of this thesis is to show whether the deficit in place avoidance is due to disrupted cognitive coordination or another effect of NMDAR antagonism such as hyperlocomotion, general learning deficit, or altered sensitivity.
|
|
|
Belgický ovčák: klady a zápory chovu
Kafková, Kristýna ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor)
Tato práce se věnuje problematice chovu psů všech variant plemene belgický ovčák. Podrobněji jsou rozebrány povahové vlastnosti jednotlivých variant plemenne, vlohy belgických ovčáků a využití těchto psů v praxi. Nemalá pozornost bude věnována zdravotní stavu a jednotlivým onemocněním, která jsou nedílnou součásti při chovu psů. Zároveň se zaměříme na přípravu psů před výkonem, jako jsou výstavy, zkoušky a soutěže.
|
|
|
Reptiles-potential vectors of zoonoses
Chadimová, Kristýna ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor)
Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmissible from animals to humans. There are currently more acute zoonotic disease and the number of people infected rising year after year. It is found that 75% of all emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic. If untreated, the disease can have fatal consequences. In my work I focus on zoonoses, the carrier is a reptile. Reptiles, especially turtles and scaly, becoming a favorite exotic animals experienced breeders, but also beginners which brings many problems and the occurrence of zoonoses. Failure to comply with hygiene and buying reptiles from the wild, which has not undergone quarantine or veterinary examination, guarantees worries. In this work I deal with not only the description of frequent and serious zoonoses, the originator may be a reptile, but also the prevention of diseases and zoonoses consequence for humans.
|
|
| |
|
|
Reptiles and amphibians of the National Park Podyjí
Fruhwirt, Marek ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor)
There are many species of animals and plants in national park Podyjí. Among them, of course, amphibians. If we are talking about species diversity, there is more than half of frogs and caudate amphibians, which can be found in Czech republic. There are many reptiles beside original species of snakes, lizards and turtles, there are a few of unoriginal ones. In my bachelor work, I'm focussing on these species, either original or unoriginal ones.
|
|
|
Reintroduction of endangered vertebrate species in the Czech Republic
Prokorátová, Vendula ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Vynikalová, Lucie (referee)
Reintroduction process, often also called repatriation, restoration of populations of
a certain species in areas where this specie was toner occurred. This work is focused on the evaluation of reintroduction, including problems that accompany it and its history. For succesfull renew of the population shall the reintroduction program have three phases. First of them is the reintroduction efore the surfy and the preparation phase. Following phase is the achal lunch of the species into to wild and final phase of reintroduction project is the follow-up care and monitoring. Reintroduction program should always involve experts from various disciplines and not only in science but also in sociology and specialists to communicate with the public. The success is also given by the cosi of these projects. Problems associated with re-introductions are several. Important thing is to select appropriate species for reintroduction which is not easy especially because of public opinion. Professional basis for the selection of species is the Red book but public opinion is in reintroduction programs very important and can be decisive. Attractive species get preference from the public view especially mammals and birds. Furthermore there are examples of successful reintroduction in the world in this work. The main par is focused on individual species of vertebrates which are relaesed into the wild in the Czech Republic: Ground squirrel Spermophilus citellus, Lyns Lynx Linch and Ural owl Strix uralensis. Each of these species is described in detail and it also includes conservation activities and cause sof Langer or extincting of species. Some organizations which are dealing with emergency programs in particular are also briefly mentioned.
|
|
|
Invasion alien animal species and their impact on local population and ecosystems
Nováková, Kateřina ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor)
Fenoménu biologických invazí a šíření nepůvodních druhů je v posledních letech věnována značná pozornost. Se změnami kvality stanovišť, vzrůstajícím využíváním přírodních zdrojů, změnou klimatu a znečištěním životního prostředí, jsou invaze nepůvodních druhů považovány za hlavní procesy, které výrazně negativně ovlivňují světovou biodiverzitu.
Invaze mají vliv nejen na lidskou společnost, ale jsou především zodpovědné za celou škálu změn prostředí. Mění fungování ekosystémů, mají vliv na původní společenstva a dokonce v některých případech přispívají k lokální extinkci druhů. K tomu dochází v případě, kdy se daný druh začne nekontrolovatelně šířit natolik, že rozvrací přirozené ekosystémy, což vede k rozsáhlým ekologickým škodám a k agresivnímu vytlačování mnoha původních druhů a tím k ochuzení druhové diverzity.
Cílem této bakalářské práce je shrnout současné znalosti týkající se problematiky biologických invazí, charakterizovat vybrané zástupce a v neposlední řadě zhodnotit vlivy nepůvodních živočišných druhů na hostitelská společenstva a ekosystémy a stanovit preventivní opatření, způsoby kontroly šíření a priority ochrany přírody.
|
guest ::
