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Standing-wave-grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction from polycrysrtalline multilayers
Krčmář, jan
Title: Standing-wave-grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction from polycrystalline multilayers Author: Jan Krčmář Department: Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Václav Holý, CSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: holy@mag.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: In this dissertation we present a new method, which uses the concept of x-ray standing wave in the grazing-incidence geometry, in which both the incidence and exit angles αi,f are close to the critical angle αc of total external reflection. If the angle of incidence αi of the primary x-ray wave onto a periodic multilayer is close to αc or to a "Bragg-like" maximum on the reflectivity curve, the interference of the transmitted and reflected waves creates a standing wave pattern in the multilayer volume, the period of which equals the multilayer period. If the multilayer contains crystalline grains (crystallites), the intensity of diffraction from these crystallites depends on the mutual position of the crystallites and the antinodes of the standing wave. Similarly, the wave diffracted by the crystallites is reflected from the multilayer interfaces, which results in a standing wave pattern as well. The standing wave pattern is shifted by changing αi or αf so that from the measured dependence of the diffracted intensity on αi,f it is...
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Standing-wave-grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction from polycrysrtalline multilayers
Krčmář, jan
Title: Standing-wave-grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction from polycrystalline multilayers Author: Jan Krčmář Department: Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Václav Holý, CSc. Supervisor's e-mail address: holy@mag.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: In this dissertation we present a new method, which uses the concept of x-ray standing wave in the grazing-incidence geometry, in which both the incidence and exit angles αi,f are close to the critical angle αc of total external reflection. If the angle of incidence αi of the primary x-ray wave onto a periodic multilayer is close to αc or to a "Bragg-like" maximum on the reflectivity curve, the interference of the transmitted and reflected waves creates a standing wave pattern in the multilayer volume, the period of which equals the multilayer period. If the multilayer contains crystalline grains (crystallites), the intensity of diffraction from these crystallites depends on the mutual position of the crystallites and the antinodes of the standing wave. Similarly, the wave diffracted by the crystallites is reflected from the multilayer interfaces, which results in a standing wave pattern as well. The standing wave pattern is shifted by changing αi or αf so that from the measured dependence of the diffracted intensity on αi,f it is...
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Education and development employees
Marková, Petra ; Šikýř, Martin (advisor) ; Krčmář, Jan (referee)
The work deals with the system of company education, description of various of attitude to improvemet know-how of employees. The company has a rational reason to see to it's employees and plans their development provided that they have certain potential, which becames benefit for the company on the field of competitive market. The first part of the work pursues theoretical concept of education and development of employees. The content of practical part of work is analysis of approach the selected employer Tesco Stores, a. s. to it's employees as human capital. The work describes and evaluates methods of different types of education programs and it's impact on employees and also organisation. Last but not least the empirically based research shows by way of an example (un)suitability and (dis)satisfaction of chosen development program via questionarre.
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Balancing of the regional disparities in Czech Republic pursuant to European structural funds
Krčmař, Jan ; Zemplinerová, Alena (advisor) ; Vokoun, Marek (referee)
The work deals with allocations of financial resources redistributing by European Union Structural funds for the running program period 2007-2013. The theoretical part describes all funds in Czech Republic, creation of application and confirmation of the application. It tries to find the mistakes, which the applicants often do and it indicates, what is the best way to prevent them. The main thesis of Structural funds is balancing economical differences particulars regions. The work describes particular allocations for NUTS II regions and their actual level of money ran out. To adjust a difference between particular regions, the poorest region should get the most of financial resources. Conclusion of the work describes, the financial resources do not redistribute in a way to minimize the economic differences between the regions, and conversely it tends to their bigger differences.
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Růst cen drahých kovů
Krčmař, Jan ; Kollár, Miroslav (advisor) ; Fiala, Martin (referee)
Tato práce se zabývá růstem cen drahých kovů a zaměřuje se na zlato, stříbro a platinu. Nejprve popisuje rozdělení komodit, mezi které tyto vzácné kovy patří. Ceny sledovaných kovů za posledních 10 let rostou a tato práce hledá důvody tohoto růstu. Cena se na trhu tvoří vztahem mezi nabídkou a poptávkou. Proto u každého kovu sleduji jak jeho těžbu (nabídku), tak i jeho využití (poptávku). Čína a Indie patří mezi největší poptávající země zlata a stříbra, a proto se jim věnuji podrobně. Na konci každé kapitoly uvádím důvody růstu cen jednotlivých kovů a zkoumám vztahy mezi nimi.
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