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History of Mathematics at subject matter of Maths at Primary school
Richtrová, Irena ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the history of mathematics and the possibility of its inclusion in the teaching of mathematics at the 1st grade of elementary school. The goal was to compile a set of didactic materials based on the starting points that result from the theoretical part. 6 thematic areas from the history of mathematics and 20 specific didactic scenarios and activities with additional material for direct use in teaching, including a theoretical part for teachers, were proposed. The suitability of didactic materials was verified at 34 schools from all over the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis of reflections from teaching, the loadability of selected historical topics was assessed and modifications of didactic materials were proposed. KEYWORDS History of mathematics; history of numbers; history of geometry; abacus; Pythagoras; Fibonacci; 1st grade primary school mathematics; didactic materials.
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Working with gifted pupils in mathematical education
Pínová, Markéta ; Ročák, Štěpán (advisor) ; Kaslová, Michaela (referee)
This thesis focuses on the didactics of mathematics in the context of teaching gifted pupils. In the thesis I describe in detail the course of individual teaching of mathematics of two pupils - one exceptionally gifted and the other accelerated in mathematics. This teaching process is captured and reflected upon through teaching protocols, with the structure of reflection based on selected didactic phenomena. Next, in the practical part, I discuss the case study of the two pupils, based on a semi-structured interview with the class teacher and my observation of individual teaching. The case study, based on my observation, is conceived through other significant didactic phenomena. In the theoretical part, I discuss the issue of gifted pupils and key aspects of this topic that provide a context for professional knowledge. This section also serves as a description of the background for the design of the tasks and the conception of the whole teaching. I also define important terms used in the practical part. The last part of the paper presents a set of tasks suitable for gifted pupils in their second year of primary school, which is offered for use by teachers of gifted pupils. KEYWORDS gifted pupil, didactics of mathematics, cognitive process, constructivist approach to teaching, individualized teaching
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Teaching mathematics online at the first year of grammar school
Flejberková, Dorota ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with equations introducing at 8-year gymnasium in the framework of teaching online. This thesis is focused on an action survey in a context of teaching online in prima of 8-year gymnasium. This is a series of lessons focused on equations which were taught at Gymnázium OPEN GATE. The aim of the thesis is to follow the shift in a didactic area in a non-standard form of teaching. The diploma thesis is based on the theoretical background, the practical part is focused on a teaching experiment. For reaching the aim, the following tasks were established: -To discuss possible forms of teaching online. -To summarise the theory of linear equations. -To analyse textbooks for both primary school and lower-secondary school first from the viewpoint of a preparatory stage of equations and then the propaedeutics of equations in the framework of lower-secondary school. - To record the surveyed events connected by reflection. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters. The practical part follows the theoretical one; it is based on analyses a priori of continued reflection. The description of scripts implementation is accompanied by a continued reflection and a posterior reflection. The conclusion provides the key...
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Outdoor Mathematics in the context of city Plzeň for pupils 11 - 15 years old
Brabcová, Eliška ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
The subject of this master thesis is outdoor mathematics in the context of the city of Pilsen intended second grade pupils of primary schools. I chose the topic of the thesis for its poten- tial in the development of pupils' spatial intelligence and for connecting different disciplines and getting closer to real mathematical situations. The aim of this thesis is to design suitable outdoor mathematics activities in the context of the city of Pilsen for pupils aged 11-15 years and to verify the suitability of these activities with pupils. Validation of the activities in practice is subsequently reflected upon, or mo- difications are suggested or additional notes are provided for use in practice. The methods used in the outdoor learning activities include text work, problem solving, practical expe- rience and discussion. The activities are analysed using criteria with scores and grouped according to their applicability in practice for the type of sample. Based on the scores, eight of the ten activities designed are considered applicable in practice for the sample type with minor or greater modifications. Four of them are considered appli- cable to practice for the sample type based on the criteria set. The discussion summarizes the criteria used the results of the work and additional comments. The...
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Development of pre-mathematical literacy through fairy-tale worksheets
Šustrová, Marie ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
Master's thesis Development of pre-mathematical literacy through fairy-tale worksheets focuses on the connection between pre-mathematical and pre-reading literacy through fairy-tale-themed worksheets. The thesis consists of three main parts: 1) the Theoretical part introduces the basis for the practical part, including developmental and cognitive psychology as well as pre-mathematical literacy and reading preliteracy; 2) the methodological part presents the aim, research questions and used methodology for research realisation including conditions for it. 3) Practical part consists of used scenarios, a description of the research process and an analysis of extracted data. The main aim of this thesis was to find out if the worksheets designed with didactical advice and set into a didactical structure, were suitable for children aged 5 to 7. For didactical structures scenarios were created. The author created seven worksheets, which contextually relate to fairytales for kindergarten children: Red Riding Hood, Hansel & Gretel, The Twelve Months, Goldilocks and the Three Bears, The Wolf and The Seven Little Goats. Activities linked with worksheets mainly prepare children for the solution of word problems in grade 1 of elementary school, with emphasis on graphical record of information and transformation...
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Preparing for school mathematics via a serie of activities inspired by creations of artist Zdeněk Sýkora
Tydlitátová, Lucie ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Radka (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis deals with the connection between pre-math literacy and art education in kindergarten. The paper refers to similar activities suitable for primary school, but the scenarios and their implementation in practice fully respect the specifics of preschool age. Both the methods and the material are adapted to this, as is the language. Activities linking pre-math literacy and visual arts are embedded in a specific didactic structure. The thesis has three main parts. The theoretical part deals with the areas on which the practical part is based: motor and cognitive development of the preschool child, a brief biography of the artist Zdeněk Sýkora, and pre-math literacy. The methodology part defines the aims, tasks and methods of the Bachelor's thesis, and is based on action research with elements of qualitative research. The practical part includes scenarios and description of their implementation, records of the observed phenomena and their analysis based on direct observation, video recording and reflection with post-reflection. Children aged 5 years and 7 months to 6 years and 7 months were observed in a kindergarten setting. On the basis of the partial conclusions, minor modifications in the scenario are proposed, which are complemented by didactic recommendations for the possible...
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Development of the concept of money in children aged 5-7 years
Buzková, Klára ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the topic of developing the concept of money in children aged 5-7 years. The main purpose of the thesis is to enrich the spectrum of activities in the area of financial literacy for children of pre-school age with activities related to the development of the concept of money and other selected concepts. To achiveve this goal, five original activities are proposed, which enlight concepts such as money, exchange, saving, loan etc. in a playful form using elements of drama education and discussion. The aim of the thesis is to compile a series of suitable activities for pre-school children, which concerns the development of the concept of money. The work consists of three parts. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with selected views on the concept of money, financial literacy, pre-mathematical literacy and the psychology of preschool-age children. The practical part is based on the theoretical part and is based on action research with elements of qualitative research. The method of data collection was the observation of children during activities. Video documentation was made from the course of the activities, which allowed a later evaluation of the activities performed and post-reflection and resulted in suggestions for modifications of the activities and...
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Analysis of solutions and popularity of tasks from the Pangea competition
Vratislav, Milan ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Novotná, Gabriela (referee)
The submitted bachelor's thesis deals with the relationship between the mathematical focus of tasks, success rate, popularity and point evaluation of tasks from the Pangea mathematical competition. The analysis refers to tasks for the 9th grade of the Pangea competition from the final round in the 2019/2020 school year, which took place a year later, in the 2020/2021 school year, due to the coronavirus pandemic. Determining the relationships between the investigated variables is based on quantitative research on problem solvers. Task success rate data was provided by Pangea competition management. The level of popularity of the tasks was determined based on data from the questionnaire, which is filled out annually by the solvers of the tasks immediately after submitting the solution. The characteristics and main focus of the tasks were described by the author of this work. The point evaluation of the tasks is determined by the authors of the tasks. The analysis of the tasks refers to their assignment, the expected solution procedure, the expected difficulties in the solution and comments on the answer menu. The thesis defines the terms gifted student, mathematical competition and word problem, and defines the specifics and mission of the Pangea competition. The results of the work can be used when...
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Teaching mathematics online at in a selected year of the second stage
Flejberková, Dorota ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the introduction of equations in an eight-year Grammar school during distance learning. This thesis focuses on action research in the context of distance learning in the first year of the eight-year Grammar school. It consists of a series of lessons focusing on equations that I have taught at OPENGATE Grammar School. This thesis aims to monitor my progress in the field of didactics. The thesis is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part itself is further divided into five chapters: Definition of key terms, Closing and re-opening of schools in the Czech Republic with a comparison with other countries of the European Union, Specifics of online teaching, theory of linear equations, analysis of textbooks. The practical part builds a priori on analyses of a continuous reflection. The practical part expands on the theoretical by the creation of scenarios. The description of scenarios is accompanied by a continual reflection and a posteriori reflection. The conclusion presents the key points of the reflection. The analysis and the reflection are put into the context of the linear equation curriculum analysis presented in a selected series of textbooks both at the primary and lower secondary school levels. The practical part was realized...
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Strategy of students' problem solving equation type in the 4th and 5th grade of primary school
Johánková, Renata ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kaslová, Michaela (referee)
Nowadays we can meet instead of the traditional approach to teaching math also Hejný method in schools. The aim of this thesis is to compare two groups of students (traditionally lead and lead by Hejný method) and their strategies for solving problems of the type of equation, and to compare how successful their solutions are. For the group which is taught traditionally, there were chosen the pupils in the 4th and 5th grade of primary school, who used to use the textbook of the series Alter. In the other group there were chosen pupils who use the textbooks by Hejný et al. Before the experiment there had been selected and formulated tasks for the experiment itself. A part of the experiment are also interviews with selected students. KEYWORDS strategy, successful strategy, non-successful strategy, transmisive and constructivistic way of teaching, the type of equation tasks, pupil's solution of the problem
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