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Primary preventive care in orofacial clefts
Kaněrová, Hana ; Dušková, Markéta (advisor)
Facial clefts are among the most common congenital defects. Their incidence ranges 1 to 500 to 550 births. The etiological factors are diverse. Most often the formation of clefts cause genetic factors together with environmental factors. Among the genetic factors include the child's sex and genetic predisposition. It discovered several candidate genes that influence the development of orofacial complex. These genes are e.g. TGFα, RARA, BCl3, DLX2, MSX1, TGFB3. Environmental factors are maternal obesity, maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, alcohol, nutritional status of the mother, hypervitaminosis A, folic acid deficiency, effects of pollutants in the workplace and environment, medication teratogenic active drugs, maternal infection, hyperthermia, exposure to ionizing radiation and the effects of stress. The mechanism of the increased risk of defects in maternal obesity may be unknown diabetes with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinismem, hyperestronismus a lack of folic acid, which is needed in obese women increased. Studies on the influence of maternal smoking on the formation of clefts are not consistent in their results. Alcohol consumption has been repeatedly shown to be a risk while no correlation was found to dose. Increased incidence is evident under fetal alcohol syndrome. The quality of maternal...
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