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Phosphine and nitrous oxide as false-positive biosignature gases in planetary spectra
Kaiserová, Tereza ; Ferus, Martin (advisor) ; Kopecký, Vladimír (referee)
5 Abstract This study is dedicated to evaluating the potential for a novel pathway of abiotic synthesis of phosphine (PH3) from phosphorus trioxide (P4O6) by a photocatalytic mechanism on aerosols. The mechanism might explain the recent possible detection of phosphine on Venus. This scenario has recently been suggested theoretically by our team based on an analogy with methane production form carbon dioxide on acidic photochemically-active surfaces of materials, which may account for a possible source of methane on Mars. Methane, just like phosphine, was suggested as an indicator of life on terrestrial planets, including Mars. The theoretical testing of photochemical phosphine generation suggests that even if this gas is present in the atmosphere of Venus it cannot be considered as an indicator of life until the suggested mechanism is excluded theoretically, or by experimental results, or direct evidence of life on Venus. This thesis will be followed by preparation of sophisticated experiments and intensive laboratory research addressing this. Furthermore, the role of nitrous oxide as another false positive biosignature was evaluated in this study. The presence of nitrous oxide can also be explained by processes other than biological, particularly on early planets. This study specifically demonstrates the...
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High energy density plasma - induced transformations of early planetary atmospheres and their impact on early global climate
Kaiserová, Tereza ; Ferus, Martin (advisor) ; Šponerová, Judit E. (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to explore one of possible solutions to faint young Sun paradox, namely greenhouse effect incurred by increased concentration of N2O induced due to high energy plasma of meteorite impact. The series of experiments were done to simulate early Earth atmosphere under the effect of impact. The results of experiments were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy. It was found that under the right circumstances, concentrations of N2O created by impacts go from 5 to 38 ppm, which is concentration high enough to resolve faint young Sun paradox. Results presented in this thesis lead us to new path of solving the faint young Sun paradox and offer many important information for prebiotic chemistry on early Earth.
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The long pathway to the change of the family policy programmes of the CDU
Kaiserová, Tereza ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the development of the programmes of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) in the area of family policy in the long term 1949 - 2009. During this period there was a significant transformation of the Christian-democratic image of the family and the whole concept of family policy toward the Scandinavian model, which supports the reconciliation of family and professional life. As a long-time ruling party the CDU fundamentally formed the (West) German family policy. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the transformation of the image of the family and the family policy programmes in that period. The main chapter examines the four phases of development of the programmes in this area in the context of social and demographic changes and the development of the party as such. The thesis shows on the basis of various sources, mainly of three long-time and several thematic party programmes of the CDU that its image of family gradually extended from the classical model of a married couple with their own children with the traditional division of male and female roles to all forms of cohabitation with children. The party emphasizes on partnership, equality and free choice of parents but also the constitutional protection of marriage and family. The thesis presents this...
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