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Arrangement of the nursing process for the sick of incontinency
KUKAČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
I have selected the bachelor thesis on the subject of The Provision of the Process of Nursing Incontinent Patients because I am interested in the issues of urinary incontinence. With increasing age, the need for voiding urine becomes an increasingly topical problem. Many think that urinary incontinence is a natural part of the ageing process and that it is possible to combat it by reducing the intake of liquids. A nurse should refute this opinion of incontinent patients and to recommend that they should restrict beverages containing caffeine during incontinence. Most of incontinent patients, however, are shy of talking about their problem. Therefore, the understanding of the patient{\crq}s behaviour can help a nurse solve the problem of incontinence. Furthermore, a nurse should provide incontinent patients with information on suitable and unsuitable sports, on the technique of interrupted urination, on compensatory aids for incontinent patients and about the necessity to limit the intake of irritable food as well. Also, a nurse should teach an ill woman exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor (Kegel exercise). Urinary incontinence is defined as the unwanted leakage of urine, which causes a hygienic or social problem and, at the same time, it is also objectively demonstrable. It is a symptom that may have various causes. Consequences of incontinence translate into all areas of social life. In the interest of uniting the diagnostics and treatment of incontinence, the ICS (International Continence Society) classification is currently recommended, which distinguishes four types of incontinence: urgent, reflex, stress and paradoxical. The most frequent subtype is stress incontinence, followed by mixed and urgent incontinence. The organization of the care of incontinent patients has three levels: primary care, secondary care and tertiary care. The present situation in the Czech Republic is marked by the merging of the secondary and tertiary level of care, for the majority of specialized workplaces are part of in-patient establishments in the sense of urogynaecologic clinics. The care of incontinent patients requires a holistic approach. The aim of the nursing care of incontinent patients is to minimize the leakage of urine, to preserve or restore the normal excretion of urine while preventing relevant risks at the same time. In the course of my research I would like to find out how nurses ensure the process of nursing incontinent patients, whether nurses inform incontinent patients about the exercises of pelvic floor muscles and about the drinking regimen and whether these patients are informed about compensatory aids for the incontinent. The hypothesis that nurses, within the nursing process, do not focus on the support of a patient{\crq}s self-assessment has not proven true. The hypothesis that nurses instruct the patients in exercises of pelvic floor muscles has proved true. The hypotheses that patients who suffer from incontinence are informed about aids that compensate their incontinence and that nurses instruct patients suffering from incontinence in the drinking regimen have proven true. Urinary incontinence continues to be taboo in our society. Many consider it as a natural part of the ageing process. Nowadays, there already exists effective treatment, it is only necessary to confide in a physician about one{\crq}s problem. However, prevention is also important here. Basically simple and mostly also generally known prevention will save many finances and, first and foremost, complaints.
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