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Antiproliferative effect of Chinese bayberry oil
Klímová, Pavlína ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Boušová, Iva (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Pavlína Klímová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Supervisor specialist: RNDr. Věra Králová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiproliferative effect of Chinese bayberry oil Bayberry, Myrica rubra, is a fruit tree growing especially in China. It is also used in traditional medicine. There are many studies confirming its biological activities. Lately, Myrica rubra essential oil (MRO) was isolated from its leaves and its anticancer properties were tested in several intestinal cancer cell lines. In this study, the anticancer effect of MRO was verified by performing a neutral red uptake test in cell lines SW480, SW620, HT29 and in non-cancerous human fibroblast cell line GF 6 for comparison. HT29 was the most sensitive cell line, contrary to GF 6, which was not affected by MRO. We also tested a possible mechanism of action, a production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The essential oil significantly elevated the generation of ROS and this effect was concentration dependent. We also searched for the active substances in MRO. We conducted the tests with four sesquiterpenes - α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene-oxide and trans-nerolidol. The neutral red uptake test showed...
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Forensic radiology
KLÍMOVÁ, Pavlína
The topic of my thesis is forensic radiology. This field represents a very valuable and often irreplaceable tool for forensic medicine. Thanks to this development, especially in recent years, other imaging methods computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are receiving attention beside sciagraphy. Although this development has helped popularize this field, it often receives only brief mentions in the literature. The intent of my work is to show that forensic radiology is a rather interesting and rewarding chapter of radiology, which is definitely worth the attention.The theoretical part contains a brief summary of my analysis of scientific literature and articles on this topic. Its first chapter gives an introduction to the field of forensic medicine with a focus on methods used in the Czech Republic. Additional chapters represent the history of forensic radiology, a concise summary of the basic principles of different imaging modalities and subsequent description of their use within forensic medicine. As some of the indications are not entirely conventional in clinical practice (e.g. gunshot and shrapnel wounds), there is also a brief description of these injuries and the mechanism of their occurrence. A separate chapter is devoted to dental identification, which is a very important method, because it makes use of most of the mentioned imaging methods. The last chapter is devoted to the status of forensic radiology in the world and a summary of the various organizations founded to support this field. The practical part is divided into two sections. The first section presents the results of our survey, aiming to map the use of imaging in forensic medicine in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was anonymous and contained a total of eleven questions. Communication took place via e-mail. Each of the 14 imaging facilities in the Czech Republic received a copy of the questionnaire, with a response rate of 65%.This research therefore covers the 9 facilities that did respond. The results of the survey were statistically analyzed and presented using tables and graphs.The second section analyzed data obtained at the Military Institute of Forensic Medicine, Central Military Hospital Military University Hospital Prague (VÚSL). The aim of this section is to demonstrate the practical use of imaging techniques in one of the facilities using forensic medicine in the Czech Republic. The data used are from 2014. The results are also analyzed and presented through tables and graphs.The results of the survey constitute valuable data about the use of imaging methods, about the personnel and technical equipment of the facilities, the use of available methods for the specific indications as well as plans for future development of imaging techniques at these facilities.Results of data collection at VÚSL focused on the number of radiological examinations in 2014, subdivided by the type of imaging method used and the extent and indication of the examination.The work posed the research question: Is sciagraphic examination the only imaging method used in the Czech Republic in forensic medicine?Based on the results, we can state that even though sciagraphy is still the leading imaging method, it is not the only one used at more than half the surveyed facilities. A third of the facilities surveyed is also considering the use of other imaging methods in the future.
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Quality of life in patients with COPD
KLÍMOVÁ, Pavlína
Theoretical foundation Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ranks among the most serious diseases in the population. The COPD prevalence is assumed at up to 7,7%. As the name shows, it is a chronic disease characteristic with typical symptoms including particularly cough, expectoration and noticeable dyspnoea. The symptoms may get worse above their common level in the course of the disease, which we call exacerbation. The presence of unpleasant breathing problems affects different life areas, restricting the individual when performing everyday activities. The patient's psyche is affected as well, including potential incidence of anxieties or depressions. Finally, the patient's subjectively perceived quality of life is significantly worsened. Goal of the thesis The goal of this thesis is to ascertain the areas in which COPD affects the quality of life. Hypotheses H1: COPD patients feel breathing problems. H2: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of common daily activities. H3: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of physical activity. H4: COPD patients feel restrictions in social sphere. H5: COPD patients experience negative feelings. H6: COPD patients perceive their quality of life as bad. Methodology The research investigation was implemented based on quantitative inquiry within the grant Project No. 120/2012/S "Reflection of life quality in nursing". The data collection was performed under use of quantitative method; the research investigation took place with the help of questionnaire technology. Two questionnaires were used: St. George's Respiratory Questionare Czech (SGRQ) and WHOQOL 100 generic standardized questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to persons with diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The selection set was made up through quota selection that was observed. The quotas consisted in COPD diagnosis and the respondents' gender. The proportion of men and women was specified at 500 persons, 294 men and 206 women from that number. The research set consisted of 296 men and 207 women, i.e. 503 respondents in total. The investigation took place through addressing general practitioners, specialized outpatients' departments and chest disease wards. Results The results were processed with the help of the SASD program (statistic analysis of social data). The results can be divided into three groups. The first group includes the results characterizing the structure of the research set; the second group includes the graphically represented results, and the third group includes the results processed with the help of descriptive statistics. The last two groups include results from both questionnaires used. The results allowed us obtaining information on perception of breathing problems by the patients, on the sphere of common daily activities, on problems in the sphere of movement, on social sphere, on experiencing of negative feelings and on subjective perception of quality of life. Based on the results, the hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1: COPD patients feel breathing problems confirmed, H2: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of common daily activities - confirmed, H3: COPD patients feel restrictions in the sphere of physical activity not confirmed, H4: COPD patients feel restrictions in social sphere - not confirmed, H5: COPD patients experience negative feelings confirmed, and H6: COPD patients perceive their quality of life as bad - not confirmed. Conclusion The thesis provides comprehensive view of the spheres affecting the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may be used not only for nurses but also for the whole multidisciplinary team caring for the patient. The thesis may be used also as study material for nursing students. The results of the research investigation will be further presented at conferences and published in professional journals.
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Specific features of nursing care of obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
KLÍMOVÁ, Pavlína
The occurrence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity in the population has been continually increasing. This phenomenon has been obvious particularly among ever younger age groups. At the end of 2010 the number of registered type 2 diabetics in the Czech Republic was 739 859. The percentage of obese adult population in the Czech Republic is approximately 35 %. This means that the Czech Republic holds a leading position in obesity occurrence. Treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2 are based on the same principles. Meanwhile, weight reduction improves compensation of diabetes. The care of obese diabetics is highly specific and therefore requires a closer attention. It is important to emphasize which of the specific features of the care are the most significant. Specific features in the care of obese patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 include particularly education about dietary measures, physical activity and complicating conditions about which type 2 obese diabetics should be informed. The following two objectives were established based on the above-mentioned facts. The first objective was to map specific features of nursing care of obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The second objective was to map the knowledge of obese diabetics about the regimen measures associated with their disease. Both the objectives have been met. The research efforts were divided into two parts. A qualitative survey was used to meet the first objective through a structured interview method. The interviews were conducted with seven nurses from the South Bohemian region involved in the care of those patients. The interview investigated specific features of the care of obese type 2 diabetics. A quantitative questionnaire survey was used to meet the second objective. The questionnaire was intended for obese type 2 diabetics. The number of distributed questionnaires for the research survey was 100. The purpose of the questionnaire was to verify knowledge of and adherence to regimen measures among the patients. The surveyed patients were selected in surgeries of specialist physicians, two hospitals and a senior citizen home in the South Bohemian region. The results have shown that patients are familiar with regimen measures associated with their disease and that they adhere to them. Further, the results have shown that specific features in the nursing care of obese patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 include particularly education of nurses about dietary measures, education about physical activity and education about acute conditions connected with acute complications of diabetes and about anti-stress techniques or psychotherapy.The thesis will serve as a document monitoring specific features of the care of obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and will help not only to students interested in the topic but also to all other interested individuals. Another output of the thesis is an information leaflet intended for type 2 obese diabetics.
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