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Combustion of Solid Biofuels: Problems and Solutions
Beňová, Denisa ; Ivanova, Tatiana (advisor)
Combustion of solid biofuels from biomass (wood fuel, agricultural residues, etc.) is one of emerging substitute for fosil fuels and less environmentaly harmful source of energy.There are also problems connected to combustion of biomass. Boilers for combustion biomass are not clearly developed. Specific burning conditions of biomass such as ash, fouling, deposits, slagging and corrosion issues could cause problems with boilers. Therefore we need to find solutions and apropriate design of boilers. There are lots of types of combustion technology for boilers on the market which will be described and analyzed in this thesis on basis of science articles in form of recherche.
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Torrefaction of biomass for energy use
Sverkunová, Kristina ; Ivanova, Tatiana (advisor) ; Krepl, Vladimír (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on torefaction of biomass for an energy use. It describes the technology including basic reactors, compares wet and dry torefaction and used materials that can be used for an agricultural waste. In the thesis I compared advantages and disadvantages of torefaction considering all hydrophobic, grindability and emission of greenhouse gasses.
Second and the important part of the thesis is the recent commercial use of biomass. Data are mainly taken from the SECTOR study, which was made in March 2016. So it can be considered as a recent data. This part is also concentrated on possibilities of faster development of this technology thanks to the commercial use. It is also explaining the importance of norms, which have not been regulated yet.
The conclusion refers to the main assets of this technology, when the usage of fossil fuels and its more ecological substitutes are discussed. I mentioned the problem of a carbon footprint is connected to a possible raise of wood materials import, that will be unavoidable in order to satisfy expected demand for year 2020.
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Analysis of the pyrolysis process of plant biomass
Jičínská, Karolína ; Ivanova, Tatiana (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Michel (referee)
Nowadays, there is an increasing consumption of fossil fuels however their combustion is associated with release of great amount of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Polluted environment and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels lead to increasing utilization of renewable energy sources. Biomass, one of these sources, can be transformed by thermochemical and biochemical processes into material/product with a higher energy value. The promising thermochemical process is pyrolysis. It is a process where the temperature heats material without access of media containing oxygen.
This Bachelor Thesis entitled "Analysis of the pyrolysis process of plant biomass" was written as a literary review based on search and analysis of information for scientific articles from the well-known databases. The present Thesis summarized basics of pyrolysis as well as analyzed and compared various pyrolysis processes. The main processes are represented by slow and fast pyrolysis and also torrefaction. These processes are reviewed and evaluated, including technologies (reactors) that are nowadays applied. By pyrolysis process various kinds of carbon-based materials can be treated, however biomass is most commonly used for these purposes. Specific examples of scientific studies of plant biomass, which tested a potential use and output products, are also presented. The output of pyrolysis process consists of three products, namely liquid, solid and gaseous substances. The most desired output of pyrolysis is a liquid product, called as biooil, which has a wide range of utilization. In the last part of the Thesis advantages and disadvantages of the pyrolysis process and its energy and economic evaluation are presented.
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Analysis of improving the quality of the educational process at the State agrarian university of Moldova (SAUM)
Conea, Cristina ; Kandakov, Alexander (advisor) ; Ivanova, Tatiana (referee)
Moldova is considered the poorest country in the European continent. The most important sector of the national economy in Moldova is still agricultural sector. 75 % of the population of Moldova live in rural areas and their livelihood depends on agriculture. Yet, agriculture in Moldova is the least developed among European countries and it faces major problems. Because of these reasons, with the entrance of Romania into the European Union, Moldova became a neighboring countrz and EU countries get more interested in international cooperation with Moldova.
Through developing the quality of higher agricultural education in Moldova the improvement of unfavorable situation of Moldavian agriculture could be reached. Thanks to transfers of knowledge, know-how and better preparation of agricultural experts can be significantly improved the competitiveness of country's agriculture within european market. In Republic of Moldova were held projects dealing with development of education. This work analyze the improvement of the quality of the educational process at State Agrarian University in Chisinau. The research of thesis was aimed to teachers of university, who passed courses of pedagogical qualification.
The results show that Czech courses lacked direct stays in the Czech agricultural universities and other agricultural institutions and more practical lessons rather than theoretical were needed. Neverthless, profesors consider Czech courses of pedagogical qualification in the framework of implemented Czech projects as very beneficial and effective and their realiazation should continue at SAUM.
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Official development assistance and cooperation - Republic of Kyrgyzstan
Kožichová, Sabina ; Kandakov, Alexander (advisor) ; Ivanova, Tatiana (referee)
The Kyrgyz republic belongs to the category of countries which, after the collapse of the USSR in 1991, got through a difficult transition from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. To this day, continue problems caused by the unpreparedness for secession from the Soviet bloc, still ranks Kyrgyzstan among the world's poorest countries. However, due to the rapid implementation of liberal reforms, it has bulit a position of the most democratic state in the region. Based on these facts, Kyrgyzstan since the beginning of its establishment operates a number of international organizations in the framework of effective cooperation making efforts to improve the current situation in the Kyrgyz Republic. Of all the Central Asian states official development assistance records the most significant share of gross national income in the Kyrgyz Republic. Kyrgyzstan also from the states of Central Asia receives the largest amount of ODA per capita. The thesis analyzes the individual donors, duration of cooperation and the amount of ODA that Kyrgyzstan receives annually from these donors. Based on the method of regression analysis, this thesis determined the expected increase in the amount of financial resources within the ODA in the next two years. This bachelor thesis also analyzed the priority sectors of cooperation for individual donors and identified the most preferred areas, supported by ODA, which are infrastructure and social services, economic infrastructure and services, health and education. In addition, it focused on the critical year 2010, in which it held a political coup, after which occurred the democratization process and the introduction into the parliamentary form of government. This bachelor thesis monitors the changes of the character of ODA after this year and the response of donors to the aforementioned events, including the subsequent ethnic riots in the south of the country. Based on the collected data and graphics, the increase in the amount of ODA for Kyrgyzstan was recorded after 2010 and the response in the form of projects aimed at the reconstruction of the affected areas.
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