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The role of nutrition in the prevention of osteoporosis: calcium, proteins and gut microbiota
Holánová, Karolína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic metabolic disease of skeleton. It is characterized by reduced amounts of bone mass and degradation of bone tissue microarchitecture with increased chances of fractures occurring. Women after menopause are affected by lack of estrogen and therefore have increased risk of osteoporosis. Goal: The goal of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the nutritional state of women after menopause with osteoporosis (With OP) and without osteoporosis (Without OP) focusing on calcium, proteins and nutrients which are affecting gut microbiota (prebiotics and probiotics). Methods: Nutritional state was evaluated based on three-day diet analysis and questionnaire about dietary preferences. Amounts of particular nutrients in respondents diets were obtained by using web page www.kaloricketabulky.cz. Bone material densities were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Nutritional breakdown of diets did not show any statistically significant differences in most of the cases. The only exception was protein and fiber intake, where the group without OP reported higher intake. Both sets of respondents reported higher intake of calories, fats and proteins then recommended. On the other hand, low intake of carbs, fiber, calcium and probiotics was discovered...
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Nutrition in patients with chronic diseases of gastrointestinal tract
HOLÁNOVÁ, Karolína
In my thesis I deal with the nutrition of people suffering from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. I also observe, how these people abide by the regularity and diversity in nutrition. In the theoretical part of the thesis I deal with the characteristics of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, their symptoms, complications and treatment. Very important part of the thesis is also nutrition and diet recommendation for the periods of remission and relapse. In the practical part, a qualitative research was made, which had two parts. The first part consisted of weekly menu of each respondent, its calculations in the Nutriservis Professional programme and subsequent evaluation. In each menu was tracked the intake of basic nutrients, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as overall energy intake and the amount of fibers intake. All of the respondents were educated how to write the menu. The second part of the practical part of the thesis consisted of half-structured interviews. The interview consisted of 20 questions on the topic nutrition and symptoms following aforementioned diseases. The respondents were chosen for the research on the principle of "snowball" method. The whole research set consisted of 20 respondents, however the conditions for taking part in the research were fulfilled by only 6 respondents. Half of the set were people, both men a women, suffering from Crohn's disease and the second half were people suffering from ulcerative colitis. I further elaborated on the results of the menu calculations and put them in coherent tables and compared them to the optimal numbers for each respondent. The results were processed and then divided into groups.
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