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The Benefits of the Computed Tomography in the Forensic Medicine
Pohlová Kučerová, Štěpánka ; Hejna, Petr (advisor) ; Sokol, Miloš (referee) ; Straka, Ĺubomír (referee)
The benefits of the computed tomography in the forensic medicine Radiological imaging methods represent one of the complementary examination methods supplementing conventional autopsy in addition to histological, toxicological, biochemical, microbiological, and serological examination in forensic medicine. The basic and commonly available radiological imaging method in forensic practice is X-ray imaging. With the development of modern radiological imaging methods (especially computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance), these modern methods have been gradually applied to the field of forensic medicine. The rapid development of radiological imaging methods in recent years (especially computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance) has caused the gradual application of these modern methods in the field of forensic medicine. Post mortem CT (pmCT) examination is now a common part of forensic medicine in the most developed world countries (Switzerland, Denmark, Australia, Japan, Germany, Italy, France and others) and since 2015 this examination has been available at two departments of forensic medicine in the Czech Republic. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the benefits of pmCT examination in routine forensic practice in three comprehensive groups of individuals who died as a result of...
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Synovial Hemorrhages of the knee Joints as a Vital Sign of Fatal Hypothermia
Zátopková, Lenka ; Hejna, Petr (advisor) ; Sokol, Miloš (referee) ; Krajčovič, Jozef (referee)
Synovial hemorrhages of the knee joints as a vital sign of fatal hypothermia The cold represents an underestimated health issue for a man because the abilities of the human body to resist low ambient temperatures without adequate clothing are minimal. The professional literature defines hypothermia as a non-physiological state with core body temperature being below 35 řC, severe hypothermia sets when core body temperature is lower than 27 řC. Death due to hypothermia usually appears if core body temperature declines to 25 řC. The most hypothermia-prone and vulnerable individuals involve infants, seniors, homeless people, intoxicated or injured subjects and people from various reasons exposed to extreme cold. Even in the era of molecular, genetical and virtual methods, postmortem diagnostics of hypothermia remains difficult mainly because of the absence of any specific and consistent diagnostic sign. Accordingly, the optimal diagnostic approach has to encompass not only careful external and internal examination of the deceased person, but also critical analysis of available information from the place of fatality, appraisal of the medical history, evaluation of the local meteorological situation, body temperature measurements, performance of histological and chemico-toxicological analyses, ultimately also...
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Forensic Aspect of Injuries Associated with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Ihnát Rudinská, Lucia ; Hejna, Petr (advisor) ; Klír, Přemysl (referee) ; Straka, Ĺubomír (referee)
IHNÁT RUDINSKÁ, Lucia: Forensic Aspect of Injuries Associated with Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové; Hradec Králové: 2017, 97 s. Injuries associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) present the actual issue on the boundary of several medical specialities. The prevalence of CPR associated injuries is very high; the spectrum of these injuries is wide (from clinically irrelevant to injuries incompatible with life). The primary aim of the study was to evaluate frequency and seriousness of CPR associated injuries; the secondary aim was the analysis of factors, which might have participated in the development of CPR associated injuries. In total, 80 persons were enrolled in the study. All included individuals were resuscitated before death and underwent an autopsy at the University Hospital Ostrava within the study period (1. 9. 2012 - 30. 8. 2015). Injuries associated with CPR were revealed in 93.7% of resuscitated persons; injuries were multiple in the vast majority of these persons. Skin injuries, head and neck injuries, rare intra- abdominal injuries and frequent intrathoracic injuries were identified within the study group. Clinically serious injuries associated with CPR were revealed in 41.2% of persons (lung contusions or lacerations,...
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Morphological Findings in Hanging Deaths
Hejna, Petr ; Hottmar, Petr (advisor) ; Hirt, Miroslav (referee) ; Klír, Přemysl (referee)
Hanging is a form of ligature strangulation in which the force applied to the neck derives from the gravitational drag of the weight of the body. The furrow on the neck is mainly a postmortem phenomenon. To establish the intravital hanging, any inner neck structure injury indicating ligature mark intravitality is to be identified. The aim of this prospective autopsy study was to determine frequency of inner neck structure injuries in hanging with regard to the point of the ligature knot and the other victims' characteristics (body suspension, gender, age, weight). We tried to identify the mechanism of injury for the neck structures and determine, according to the obtained results, a possible specific or most characteristic inner neck injury in regard to the ligature knot location. This study also aimed to determine the frequency of Simon's bleedings in the lumbar region of the spinal column in cases of hanging. The authors prospectively studied 178 consecutive cases of hanging deaths. Fracture of throat skeleton was detected in 128 cases of hanging (72%). The hyoid bone fractures were indentified in 56 cases of hanging (31,5%). Horn thyroid cartilage fractures were found in 101 cases of hanging (56,8%). The occurrance of fractures of throat skeleton was independent of gender, age, weight and...
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