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Normality and Normativity
Haloun, Martin ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
Martin Haloun Normality and Normativity Annotation: The thesis Normality and Normativity is concerned with the problems of the relation of normal and abnormal. The analysis of the expression 'normal' is the introduction of the topic followed by the demonstration that there are multiple meanings of the normal that do not always coincide. During the description of the aspects of norm and normal the fundamental relations between facts and prescriptions will have to be taken into account. The full meaning of the notion normal will be demonstrated on the basis of its relation to the pathological and healthy. A definition of health presented in this thesis, which takes into consideration the specifics of the normal, is based on the works of George Canguilhem and Kurt Goldstein. The crucial moment is the understanding of disease as a reaction of an organism to the limitation of the milieu. An important factor is the introduction of vital normativity that is intrinsic to the living being. This conception opposes the influential conception which identifies the state of health with certain physiological criteria - standards of health - advocated among others by Claude Bernard. At the end of the thesis we will shortly overview the norms as formative aspect in a society. The sociological view of norms that is...
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Money, banks and competition
Haloun, Martin ; Žamberský, Pavel (advisor) ; Šaroch, Stanislav (referee)
This paper is concerned with theoretical assumptions and consequences of a free banking system. The main theme is critical inquire of Hayek`s notion of creating the system of free banks independent of central bank, which issue differentiated currencies. The main purpose of this system is to force the government institution to provide a currency more stable than it does now. However there are some crucial objections which target the possibility of operating such system in practice. The main theme is further widen by the question about fractional and full reserve banking. Based on the comparison of the different reserve system, there is a notion of a system combining both, but keeping them strictly separated. The foundation of the paper is analysis of money definition from the austrian school point of view. These arguments are applied to the inflation and deflation. The object of research are conditions of existence and consequences of both effects. The inflation analysis is used to describe current system of central institution and the net of commercial banks.
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Global Fair Trade Market Analysis
Haloun, Martin ; Němečková, Tereza (advisor) ; Adamcová, Lenka (referee)
The study analyzes a global market of Fair Trade products. It specializes on Fair Trade importers in developed countries in western Europe, in the USA, in Canada, in Japan and in Australia and New Zealand using regular economic measurements such as annual turnover, number of employees, number of points of sales, turnover's growth, etc. Final global judgement is based on the previous detailed countries' study. In addition the study proposes possible development in the future.
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