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tsRNA - biogenesis, regulation and function in gene expression
Ramanava, Marharyta ; Mašek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Fryaufová, Petra (referee)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) accounts for approximately 10% of total cellular RNA pool and plays a crucial role in translation. Here I focus on the alternative function of tRNA, which can serve as a precursor for the formation of so-called "small RNAs derived from tRNA" (tsRNAs). These small non-coding RNAs are primarily generated by the cleavage of tRNAs by the ribonucleases Angiogenin and Dicer. tRFs (tRNA-derived fragments) and tiRNAs (stress- induced RNA-derived RNAs) are two major classes that differ fundamentally in the position of the cleavage site in the parent tRNA and the length of the molecule. Some tsRNAs act as regulators of posttranscriptional gene expression, often affecting mRNA stability and translation initiation. tsRNAs are implicated in regulation of stress response, cell differentiation, development, and apoptosis. Further, there is strong evidence that they have a role in epigenetic processes, communication between organs or even between organisms. In addition, in humans, their profile is often cell-specific and its change in pathophysiological conditions makes tsRNAs a suitable diagnostic marker. This work summarizes current knowledge about tsRNAs and their biological function and significance. Kaywords: small RNAs derived from tRNA; tRNA; tiRNA; tRF; gene expression regulation
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