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Energy law in the European Union
Flášar, Petr ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
88 Summary Energy law in European Union This thesis focuses on the development and current situation in a sphere of Energy law. Energy is a key sector in the European Community which is becoming increasingly integrated both politically and economically and whose geopolitical responsibilities are widening. First Chapter concerns with the development of energy policy in European Union. Among first documents were important white and green papers, which laid down the foundation of European energy law legislation. For international energy situation was significant The Energy Charter Treaty as a unique instrument for the promotion of international cooperation in the energy sector. Second Chapter deals with renewable sources of energy. This area has a great importance nowadays and big volume of legislation which highly affects member states of European Union. Prominence of this chapter is climate action and renewable energy package. This package consists of several directions and one regulation and decision. Main aim is focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing share of renewable energy sources. Legislative framework of strengthening and expansion of the Emissions Trading System is content of the third Chapter. There is an explained foundation of this system and progress during last year's. The...
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Legal regulation of Renewable Energy Sources in the European Union
Flášar, Petr ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Žákovská, Karolina (referee)
Legal regulation of Renewable Energy Sources in the European Union This thesis focuses on the development and current situation of renewable energy sources in a sphere of Energy law. Energy is a key sector in the European Community which becomes increasingly integrated both politically and economically and whose geopolitical responsibilities spread. Renewable energy sources have nowadays a great importance and big volume of legislation highly affects member states of European Union. First Chapter concerns with the development of Renewable Energy policy in European Union. Green and white papers were important among first documents, which laid down the foundation of European Energy law legislation. Kyoto Protocol was significant for European situation with its goal of achieving stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Second Chapter primarily deals with directive 2001/77/EC and directive 2009/28/EC. The directives aim to give a boost to stepping up the contribution of renewable energy sources while respects the principles of the internal market. Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources which establishes a common framework for the use of energy from...
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Energy law in the European Union
Flášar, Petr ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
88 Summary Energy law in European Union This thesis focuses on the development and current situation in a sphere of Energy law. Energy is a key sector in the European Community which is becoming increasingly integrated both politically and economically and whose geopolitical responsibilities are widening. First Chapter concerns with the development of energy policy in European Union. Among first documents were important white and green papers, which laid down the foundation of European energy law legislation. For international energy situation was significant The Energy Charter Treaty as a unique instrument for the promotion of international cooperation in the energy sector. Second Chapter deals with renewable sources of energy. This area has a great importance nowadays and big volume of legislation which highly affects member states of European Union. Prominence of this chapter is climate action and renewable energy package. This package consists of several directions and one regulation and decision. Main aim is focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing share of renewable energy sources. Legislative framework of strengthening and expansion of the Emissions Trading System is content of the third Chapter. There is an explained foundation of this system and progress during last year's. The...
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Dynamic fracture toughness determination for inherently brittle materials
Flašar, Petr ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Dlouhý, Ivo
Dynamic fracture toughness measurement of brittle materials using Charpy impact test. A method of dynamic fracture toughness evaluation of brittle materials using Charpy pendulum machine is presented. For low-speed loading rates a specimen damping technique was developed, in high-speed loading rates regime an eccentric onepoint bending test for DKC evaluation was used. A new technique of time to fracture tf measurement was designed using gold-layer deposition on specimen surface. Analytical and numerical analysis of studied problematic was carried out and compared to experimental data.
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Influence of loading conditions on fracture toughness values determined on ceramics
Chlup, Zdeněk ; Dlouhý, Ivo ; Hadraba, Hynek ; Flašar, Petr ; Řehořek, Lukáš
Fracture toughness is generally an important material characteristic. In structural inherently brittle materials as ceramics and ceramics based composites it plays all the more important role. Therefore exact determination of reliable values of fracture toughness is an important matter. Aim of this paper is to analyse influence of selected parameters (applied technique, specimen dimensions, span length, temperature and loading rate) on fracture toughness values. To fulfil this aim, among others, a statistical analysis based on the normal distribution was undertaken. Some of the effects are connected to the material and some of them to the applied methodology. Those linked to the material are hardly describable by a mathematical formula however gives an outlook on possible general trends. On the other hand the span of supporting rollers is an example of parameter whose influence has been described by mathematical formula.
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Determination of characteristics of inherently brittle materials using impact tester
Flašar, Petr ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Dlouhý, Ivo
In this work, the mothodology of dynamic fracture toughness evaluation of brittle materials using Charpy pendulum machine is presented. For low-speed loading rates specimen damping technique was developed, in high-speed loading regime a modified DKC method was used. A new technique of time to fracture tf measurement was designed using gold-layer deposition on specimen surface. Analytical and numerical analysis of the loading tup – specimen interaction during the test was carried out and compared to experimental data.
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Zacelování povrchových trhlin u nanokompozitní keramiky typu Al2O3/SiC
Flašar, Petr ; Dlouhý, Ivo ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Ando, K.
Indentation strength and self-crack-healing ability were systematically studied using beams containing a semi-elliptical surface crack made by Vickers indentor. Beams of Al2O3/SiC ceramic nanocomposite with a good self-crack-healing ability predetermined for four-point and three-point bending test were prepared by ceramographics techniques. Flexural strength and fracture toughness were determined using three- and four-point bend method. Thermal aging at 1573 K for 1h was applied to heal the samples with indentation pre-cracking. Fractographical analyses using an optical and/or scanning electron microscopy has been carried out to investigate the surface crack behaviour. Very good self-crack healing ability has been proved for surface microcracks having length up to 250 μm and depth no higher than 100 μm.
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