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Buddha's Criticism of the Caste System
Zimová, Klára ; Filipský, Jan (advisor) ; Melnikova, Nora (referee)
This thesis deals with the Buddha's criticism of the Brahmin worldview, and his explanation of the origin of social order through a new definition of important terms such as Brahmin, Arya and varna. The main work consists of selected Tipitaka Sutta, where the Buddha defines directly toward the Brahmin description of the stratification of society. The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate the influence of Buddha's efforts to moral and ideological revival of the society. The work is divided into thematic sub- chapters that deal in turn with the emergence and development of varna system, the state of society in Buddha's time, actual criticism of the existing social order and the search for the main causes of the gradual disappearance of Buddhism from India. Key words Buddha, varna, brahmana, Arya, Pali Canon, vedas
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Political Movements of Dalits in South India
Blecha, Vlastimil ; Vavroušková, Stanislava (advisor) ; Filipský, Jan (referee) ; Hons, Pavel (referee)
While growing strength of Dalit political organizations in India in the last years has been usually welcomed as a manifestation of rising self-confidence of Dalits and an expression of new orientation of the Indian society towards more social justice and equality, this thesis advocates for some restraint from an unwarranted optimism. It focuses on the impact of Dalit political movements and affirmative action on governance in Tamil Nadu rural societies and it sets the Dalit movement and the affirmative action on behalf of Dalits in the context of Dravidian political parties that have been the leading force in the Tamil Nadu since 1967. The main questions I am addressing in this thesis are: "Which factors/institutions are conducive to good governance/orderly rule in communities divided by caste while carrying out the project of social and political empowerment of Dalits?" "What is the impact of affirmative action and Dalit political parties on local communities and by extension on Tamil Nadu society?" The thesis uses neo-institutionalist theoretical framework and it is predominantly based on comparison of two different experiences of two Tamil Nadu villages with the Dalit movement and the affirmative action. I have collected most of the empirical data for the thesis during my two periods of fieldwork in...
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Kotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and Legends
Bendíková, Soňa ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Oberfalzerová, Alena (referee) ; Filipský, Jan (referee)
Soňa Bendíková:Soňa Bendíková:Soňa Bendíková:Soňa Bendíková: Kotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and LegendsKotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and LegendsKotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and LegendsKotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and Legends AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract The dissertation The Kotas from the Blue Mountains: Myths and Legends deals with the tradition of the Kota tribe living in the Nilgiri mountain range in southern India. The work discusses the oral tradition of the tribe on the background of the regional development in the last two centuries. The Kotas used to live symbiotically with a few other local tribes with whom they developed a unique system of barter trade and services. The microregion remained isolated until new settlers started to arrive from the valley (in the beginning of 19th century). The arrival of the people from the valley and of the English people in the course of the last two hundred years caused a significant change of all aspects of life in the Blue Mountains: economic, social, cultural and ecological. This work has two aims: (i) to interpret the results of my fieldwork and to analyze the recordings of the remnants of the oral heritage of the tribe with approximately 2,000 members, and to do it on the background of the changes in the area; and (ii) to determine whether and how...
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Buddha's Criticism of the Caste System
Zimová, Klára ; Filipský, Jan (advisor) ; Melnikova, Nora (referee)
This thesis deals with the Buddha's criticism of the Brahmin worldview, and his explanation of the origin of social order through a new definition of important terms such as Brahmin, Arya and varna. The main work consists of selected Tipitaka Sutta, where the Buddha defines directly toward the Brahmin description of the stratification of society. The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate the influence of Buddha's efforts to moral and ideological revival of the society. The work is divided into thematic sub- chapters that deal in turn with the emergence and development of varna system, the state of society in Buddha's time, actual criticism of the existing social order and the search for the main causes of the gradual disappearance of Buddhism from India. Key words Buddha, varna, brahmana, Arya, Pali Canon, vedas
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Kotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and Legends
Bendíková, Soňa ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Oberfalzerová, Alena (referee) ; Filipský, Jan (referee)
Soňa Bendíková:Soňa Bendíková:Soňa Bendíková:Soňa Bendíková: Kotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and LegendsKotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and LegendsKotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and LegendsKotas of Blue Mountains: Myths and Legends AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract The dissertation The Kotas from the Blue Mountains: Myths and Legends deals with the tradition of the Kota tribe living in the Nilgiri mountain range in southern India. The work discusses the oral tradition of the tribe on the background of the regional development in the last two centuries. The Kotas used to live symbiotically with a few other local tribes with whom they developed a unique system of barter trade and services. The microregion remained isolated until new settlers started to arrive from the valley (in the beginning of 19th century). The arrival of the people from the valley and of the English people in the course of the last two hundred years caused a significant change of all aspects of life in the Blue Mountains: economic, social, cultural and ecological. This work has two aims: (i) to interpret the results of my fieldwork and to analyze the recordings of the remnants of the oral heritage of the tribe with approximately 2,000 members, and to do it on the background of the changes in the area; and (ii) to determine whether and how...
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Political Movements of Dalits in South India
Blecha, Vlastimil ; Vavroušková, Stanislava (advisor) ; Filipský, Jan (referee) ; Hons, Pavel (referee)
While growing strength of Dalit political organizations in India in the last years has been usually welcomed as a manifestation of rising self-confidence of Dalits and an expression of new orientation of the Indian society towards more social justice and equality, this thesis advocates for some restraint from an unwarranted optimism. It focuses on the impact of Dalit political movements and affirmative action on governance in Tamil Nadu rural societies and it sets the Dalit movement and the affirmative action on behalf of Dalits in the context of Dravidian political parties that have been the leading force in the Tamil Nadu since 1967. The main questions I am addressing in this thesis are: "Which factors/institutions are conducive to good governance/orderly rule in communities divided by caste while carrying out the project of social and political empowerment of Dalits?" "What is the impact of affirmative action and Dalit political parties on local communities and by extension on Tamil Nadu society?" The thesis uses neo-institutionalist theoretical framework and it is predominantly based on comparison of two different experiences of two Tamil Nadu villages with the Dalit movement and the affirmative action. I have collected most of the empirical data for the thesis during my two periods of fieldwork in...
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Aspects of Linquistic Variability in Tamil Short Fiction
Vihanová, Zuzana ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Filipský, Jan (referee) ; Hons, Pavel (referee)
Aspects of Linguistic Variability in Tamil Short Fiction (Aspekty jazykové variability v tamilské krátké próze) Zuzana Vihanová Abstract This thesis examines the linguistic variability of contemporary Tamil short fiction. Based on the concept of markedness, it explores the distribution, structure, and function of standard, substandard, and superstandard linguistic varieties used in current Tamil writings. It concentrates on both individual and collective aspects of the use of this diglossic language in literature. The source-base for the analysis are short stories of seven Tamil authors of different social dialectal background. Authors and their texts recruit from the Brahmin, non-Brahmin and Dalit milieu. Historical perspective is brought into attention in the analysis of writings of Pudumaippittan, one of the first distinguished short-story writers. I observe the shift in the semantic markednes of literary and spoken Tamil use in his work, the introduction of the Pillai dialect into literature and its infiltration to the literary language, same as the impact of the outside sources, i.e., English and Sanskrit, on his writing. In the works of another non-Brahmin writer, Baskar Sakti, I examine the use and structure of spoken Tamil in contemporary fiction, as well as the functionally marked varieties he uses...
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