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Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities in Depression
Sadykov, Evgenii ; Hosák, Ladislav (advisor) ; Dudová, Iva (referee) ; Končelíková, Dana (referee)
Retinal microvascular abnormalities in depression Depressive disorder is a debilitating and most common mental disorder. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 280 million people worldwide suffered from depression in 2019. Studies seeking to identify biomarkers for depressive disorder diagnosis and treatment have not yet found any one candidate which achieves a sufficient sensitivity and specificity. The aim of the study was to find a possible association between retinal microvascular abnormality and major depression in a non-geriatric study population. The participants with major depression were hospitalised at the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Psychiatry. Retinal images were obtained using a stationary Fundus camera FF450 by Zeiss and a hand-held camera by oDocs. Fifty patients (men N = 18, women N = 32) aged 16 to 55 (men's average age 33.7±9.9 years, women's average age 37.9±11.5 years) were compared with fifty mentally healthy subjects (men N = 28, women N = 22) aged 18 to 61 (men's average age 35.3±9.2 years, women's average age 36.6±10.6 years) in a cross- sectional design. The patients were diagnosed with a single depressive episode (N = 26) or a recurrent depressive disorder (N = 24) according to the ICD-10 classification. Our results confirmed...
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Relationship of olfactory functions and psychopathology in patients with autism spectrum disorders
Dudová, Iva ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Drtílková, Ivana (referee) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
The aim of our study was to examine olfactory functions (odor detection thresholds, odor identification and odor preference) and to explore their relationship with psychopathology in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thirty-five patients with Asperger's syndrome and high functioning autism (mean age 10,8 ± 3,6 years; 31 boys) were compared with 35 healthy control subjects (mean age 10,4 ± 2,4 years; 28 boys). There were no significant differences between groups with regard to mean age (p = 0,598) and gender proportion (p = 0,324). Olfactory testing (threshold and identification) used the Sniffin' Sticks test. Odor pleasantness was assessed on a 5-point scale using the Identification part of the Sniffin' Sticks test. The severity of autistic psychopathology was measured by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Participants with ASD, in comparison with healthy controls, were significantly impaired relative to odor detection thresholds (6,3 ± 3,1 vs. 7,9 ± 2,0; p = 0,025). Autistic participants were significantly better in correctly identifying the odor of an orange (94 vs. 63%; p < 0,05) and significantly worse at correctly identifying the odor of cloves (40 vs. 74%; p < 0,05). With regard to identification of fourteen other substances, there were no significant differences. There...
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Genetics of psychic diseases
Krčmářová, Eliška ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Dudová, Iva (referee)
Psychological diseases are very heterogeneus group of diseases, including a complicated and complex multifactorial etiology with a possibility of an important role of a genetic component. Some diaseses got discovered their clear genetic origins, for instance Rett syndrom, where the origins are caused by a mutation in gen MECP2. The origins of a majority of other psychological diseases are more complex - it is chiefly a combination of specific polymorphism of many gens with an impact of an external environment. Among this group we can range diaseases such as anxiety disorder, eating disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Autism presents the polymorphism of few different gens, however other mentioned diseases presents mainly polymorphism of genes, connected into neurontransmission. This thesis deals with a selection of potential genetic causes of psychological diseases, illustrated by the specific examples. Keywords: psychological diseases, Rett syndrom, autism, neurotransmitters, anxiety disorder, eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mutation, polymorphism
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Relationship of olfactory functions and psychopathology in patients with autism spectrum disorders
Dudová, Iva ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Drtílková, Ivana (referee) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
The aim of our study was to examine olfactory functions (odor detection thresholds, odor identification and odor preference) and to explore their relationship with psychopathology in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thirty-five patients with Asperger's syndrome and high functioning autism (mean age 10,8 ± 3,6 years; 31 boys) were compared with 35 healthy control subjects (mean age 10,4 ± 2,4 years; 28 boys). There were no significant differences between groups with regard to mean age (p = 0,598) and gender proportion (p = 0,324). Olfactory testing (threshold and identification) used the Sniffin' Sticks test. Odor pleasantness was assessed on a 5-point scale using the Identification part of the Sniffin' Sticks test. The severity of autistic psychopathology was measured by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Participants with ASD, in comparison with healthy controls, were significantly impaired relative to odor detection thresholds (6,3 ± 3,1 vs. 7,9 ± 2,0; p = 0,025). Autistic participants were significantly better in correctly identifying the odor of an orange (94 vs. 63%; p < 0,05) and significantly worse at correctly identifying the odor of cloves (40 vs. 74%; p < 0,05). With regard to identification of fourteen other substances, there were no significant differences. There...
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