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Spinoza's concept of democracy
Brzkovská, Eliška ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of democracy in the works of the Dutch philosopher Benedict Spinoza, specifically in his Theologico-Political Treatise and Political Treatise. Spinoza's contribution to the modern political thought is based on the fact that he is one of the first political thinkers claiming that democracy is the best possible form of government. In this thesis, Spinoza's conception of democracy is presented within the context of the period in which his works were written, the events that could have contributed to the forming of his view, and other philosophers whose works influenced his works, directly or indirectly. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the basic elements of Spinoza's philosophy, which forms a coherent systém in which his political philosophy is related to his metaphysical insights. The main part of this paper consists of interpretation of Spinoza's thoughts on democracy in the Theologico-Political Treatise and unfinished Political Treatise. The aim of this thesis is to clarify how Spinoza understands the concept of democracy and the importance of democracy in the context of his works. This thesis also focuses on reasons that led Spinoza to consider democracy the best form of government, and the arguments used to advocate this claim.
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Die Linke: development, ideology and position in the political system in Germany
Brzkovská, Eliška ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Švec, Radek (referee)
This thesis deals with the German political party "Die Linke" (The Left). Die Linke was founded in 2007 by merging two different parties, namely Linkspartei.PDS, which was preceded by the ruling party of the GDR, and WASG, composed of West German activists and former party members of the Social Democratic Party. The opening parts contain definitions of basic terminology and a brief history of parties preceding Die Linke. The following sections deal with how the dual history of the party reflects in its organisation, its program and electorate. The party programs are also used to analyze its key program points and their evolution over time. The party's ideology is also examined. This thesis also deals with the current position of Die Linke within the German party system, in terms of both the voters and election results, and relations with other relevant parties.
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