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Nedospělá stádia pleurostiktních listorohých brouků (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Pleurosticti):morfologie, biologie a jejich význam pro fylogenetické studie
Šípek, Petr ; Král, David (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee) ; Ahrens, Dirk (referee)
Summary: The immature stages of holometabolous insects are traditionally less studied than the adults. Albeit this neglect could be explained by the still unsatisfactory knowledge of adults, it is clear, that we lose a considerable amount of information on bionomy, ecology and also phylogeny of insects due to this constant ignorance. The thesis focuses on the immature stages of the very popular and widely known group of Scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), more precisely on the "pleurostict" or phytophagous scarab beetle clade, e.g. on larvae of various chafers, rhinoceros beetles or flower beetles. The work consists of three papers already published in international journals, one manuscript prepared for submission and a general introductory chapter focusing on the problematic aspects of scarab beetles phylogeny and the study of the immature stages of scarabs. As mentioned above, the Scarab beetles represent a widely know group of insects. Despite being so popular, the group is everything else but well studied (probably with the exception of alpha-taxonomical level), which is best demonstrated by the absence of a broadly accepted phylogenetical hypothesis of the whole group. In the first two papers included into the thesis we focused on the phylogenetic relationships within the group Cetoniinae (with...
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Measurement of Micro-Accelerations on Board of the Russian Spacecraft „Universat -2“
Fedosov, Viktor ; Kureš, Miroslav (referee) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee) ; Daněk, Vladimír (advisor)
The Thesis of the dissertation work present results of the accelerometer test operation on board of the Russian small spacecraft Universat – 2. This technical experiment was performed in the frame of the project TEASER (Technological Experiment And Space Environmental Resistance) financed by Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic. The principal aim of the project was development and application of end-to-end tests procedures for MAC04TS. Generally, End-to-end Testing is intended for verification of the new product comprehensive operational sequence. In the context of the accelerometer this process includes following aspects: On-Ground Qualification of the instrument flight model and its integration with space platform, operation in orbit to verify the device functionality and performances. The MAC04TS is the new modification of the triaxial electrostatic high sensitive microaccelerometer MAC (or MACEK) designed for measurement of non-gravitational accelerations acting to orbiting spacecraft. Mentioned non-conservative perturbations are primary constraint for theoretical predictions of the spacecrafts orbit evolution. Problem of the precise orbit determination is important not only for ballistic mission analysis and support but at planning and realization of the science researches in Geophysics, Geodesy or in Space Physics branches… Presented text to examination is devoted to partial task of the MAC04TS end-to-end testing, especially, measurement and analysis of the micro-gravitational accelerations in the instrument position on board of the spacecraft. Solution of the problem is based on two methods. The first method was based on the calculation of the accelerations by telemetry information about satellite attitude motion. The second method consisted in direct measuring the accelerations by the triaxial low frequency accelerometer MAC04TS and subsequent smoothing measurement data. Comparison of the acceleration values, obtained by different ways, was carried out as a result of constructing the approximation of the measured acceleration values by their calculated values. The approximation was constructed by the least squares method. Both methods gave similar results. The received estimations of the accelerometer measurements can be used for the analysis of the accelerometer verification.
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Simulation of space debris removal by aerodynamic drag
Lascsák, Radovan ; Koten, Pavel (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee)
The amount of space debris in orbit is increasing, and various initiatives are being undertaken to control it. In this paper, we present an active method of removing space debris that is 1 cm in size. It is based on creating a small cloud of dust particles directly in space. The goal is to hit the debris at a high relative velocity, which will slow it down due to the drag force. That allows us to reduce the debris' orbital lifetime from hundreds of years to less than 25 years. We estimate that with a supply of 100 kg dust particles, it would be possible to remove over a thousand pieces of debris. 1
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The phylogeny of the Protaetia Burmeister, 1842 flower beetles in the western palearctic region
Žďárská, Kateřina ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the phylogeny and phylogeography of flower beetles of the genus Protaetia, especially with the complicated taxonomic complex around the species Protaetia (Potosia) cuprea, P. cuprina and P. caucasica in the western Palearctic region. In light of the results presented by Vondráček et al. (2018), it seems that the classic taxonomic approach, based only on coloration, geographical distribution or poorly analysed morphological characters, is not able to adequately explain the evolution of the taxon, nor correctly identify individual taxa at the species level (i.e. species and subspecies). To understand the evolution of the group and the population structure, it is therefore necessary to use the now standard molecular-phylogenetic approaches as well. Based on analyses of one nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 1) and two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b) from 231 individuals, a phylogenetic hypothesis of the West Palaearctic representatives of the genus Protaetia was compiled. It was found that the currently recognized subgenera of the genus do not correspond to the results of the analyses. The subgenera Eupotosia, Netocia and Potosia proved to be non- monophyletic. Within the species complex of P. cuprea, in addition to the European clade of P....
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Diversity of the geotrupide genus Jekelius (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae)
Sommer, David ; Král, David (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee)
The first part of this thesis focuses on the family Geotrupidae, with special focus on the representatives of the genus Jekelius. It summarizes the present and historical taxonomic concepts and phylogenetic relationships within this family. Moreover, the morphology of adults and larvae and the geographical distribution of individual taxa are described. In the section on the biology and ecology of the family, emphasis is placed especially on feeding strategies, breeding behaviour and parental care. The results of this thesis consist of three parts, 1) taxonomy, 2) molecular analyses, and 3) flow cytometry. The first part brings a taxonomic revision of the Jekelius brullei species complex defined here. This part focuses on redescribing each known species, as well as describing additional species not yet formally described. This thesis defines the distribution ranges of each species based on previously published literature and our own data. Molecular analyses performed in this thesis generated a phylogenetic tree including a significant part of the species of the Jekelius brullei species complex. The last part of the thesis presents results obtained by flow cytometry for representatives of the species complex Jekelius brullei and a number of other taxa of the family Geotrupidae. The discussion then...
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Larval morphology, phylogeography and automatic identification of chosen flower chafer beetles (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)
Vondráček, Dominik ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee) ; Kundrata, Robin (referee)
Currently, over 4.300 species of flower chafer beetles (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) are described in more than 485 genera, with the number of genera, species and subspecies increasing by dozens of new taxa each year. Especially in the past, some of the species descriptions were relatively vague and short operating only with the coloration of beetles, or with extremely subtle differences on the male genitalia without any support of other data and analyses. In this dissertation, I focused on the use of various data and methodological approaches that can help understand the evolutionary processes within this group and its complicated taxonomy and systematics, which is also still very unstable even at higher taxonomic ranks. In two works we studied the morphology of immature stages of flower chafers and their bionomy. In the case of the Taenioderini tribe, whose immature stages were not known until then, we found surprisingly significant morphological variability in the eight described species, which is unusual in larval stages of flower chafers. In the second work, we focused on the genus Oxythyrea. We described the larvae of nine of the ten currently known species and confronted the obtained data with the already existing descriptions of the larvae of the Leucocelina subtribe, to which the studied...
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Taxonomy and bionomy of the weevils of the tribe Hyperini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Skuhrovec, Jiří ; Král, David (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee) ; Saska, Pavel (referee)
Stanovisko k doktorské disertačnípráci Mgr. JiříhoSkuhrovce Taxonomiea bionomienosatcoviýchbroukůzeskupinyHyperini (Coleopteraz Curculionidae) JiříSkuhrovecnastoupildo doktorskéhostudiasjasnýmprojektem,kterýbyl aje v těsné návaznostinajehoprojektmagisterský.Stanoviskooborovéradyzoologiek podanému projektubylovíceneŽkladné,navícpodpořenéautoritouškolitelespecialistouRomanem Borovcem.ostatnístudijnípovinnostibyly splněnybezezbytku. Výslednýspisje postavennaosmipracíchajednomabstraktuzmezinárodní konference.Dvě z nichjsouvýištěnyv impaktovanýchčasopisech,atoZootaxaaJournalof EconomicEntomologl.Dalšítři jsoupublikoványv mezinárodníchrecenzovaných periodicích.Zbýek tvořítři dotiskupředloženémanuskripty. PráceprošlykvalitnímrecenznímŤízením.Jeprotopromnetéměřzbyečnésezde pokoušetnajítnedostatky,kterénějakýmpodivnýmřízenímosudu,unikly kriticemnohem přísnějšíchspecialistův danémoboru.Sezájmemjsemsi přečetli úvodníkomentář,ve kterémdefendendzasazujesvédílčívýsledkydoširšíhoteoretickéhorámcea přibližujeblíže problematikutaxonomie,bionomiea zoogeografieuvedenýchskupin' Zvýšeuvedenéhovyplývá,ženemámk předloženémuspisuŽádnénegativní komentářeanipóznámky.Jensnadbychseráddozvěděljakouproblematikuřešíkolega v současnédobě,čihodlářešitv blízkébudoucnosti,zdaplánujenapříkladřešenítaxonomie za...
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