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Simpson's paradox
Balhar, Jan ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor) ; Kulich, Michal (referee)
Title: Simpson's paradox Author: Jan Balhar Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Arnošt Komárek, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: arnost.komarek@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: In this work we deal with Simpson's paradox and its more general version, called association reversal. We present definitions of these terms and necessary and sufficient conditions for their occurrence. Due to this, we get to issue of measuring relationship between two characters in 2x2 contigency table, we specifically mention advantages of odds ratio. We also try to answer, what relationship between two characters is, in case of Simpson's paradox, the right one. When looking for answer, we find, that ordinary statistical methods are not sufficient. It is necessary to identify causal relationships between characters. Therefore we get to issue of causality definition. Finally, we present some examples of Simpson's paradox in practice. Keywords: Simpson's paradox, association reversal, confounding, causality.
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Dialect Dictionary of Southwest Part of the Vsetin Region
Goláňová, Hana ; Bachmannová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Balhar, Jan (referee) ; Vojtová, Jarmila (referee)
There are only few dialect regions within Czech language territory, where a systematic dialect research can be made, since the traditional territorial dialect irreversibly disappears. In the northern part of the East-Moravian dialect region we would find Valachian region, where the dialect is still maintained alive, and where the lexicon collected in Dialect dictionary of southwest part of the Vsetin region (hereinafter as DDSV) originates. During the field survey I managed to collect a rich lexical material, on the basis of which the DDSV consisting of 2.027 basic and 427 referential lexical units was created. DDSV is a type of local, alphabetic and differential dictionary. The aim of this work is mainly to catch and elaborate the lexicon collected in DDSV, based on contemporary lexicographical methods. A differential approach was used at the selection of phraseology, it means, that achieved lexical material was thoroughly confronted with Czech explanatory dictionaries. The dialect research for DDSV was made among the members of the oldest generation (above 60 years). Among the youngest generation (under 30 years), a research for inter-generation comparison of the lexicon of substantive semantic register area of meals, drinks and smoking was led, focused at sub-groups poléfka, máčka, kaša, placka...
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Simpson's paradox
Balhar, Jan ; Komárek, Arnošt (advisor) ; Kulich, Michal (referee)
Title: Simpson's paradox Author: Jan Balhar Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Arnošt Komárek, Ph.D. Supervisor's e-mail address: arnost.komarek@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: In this work we deal with Simpson's paradox and its more general version, called association reversal. We present definitions of these terms and necessary and sufficient conditions for their occurrence. Due to this, we get to issue of measuring relationship between two characters in 2x2 contigency table, we specifically mention advantages of odds ratio. We also try to answer, what relationship between two characters is, in case of Simpson's paradox, the right one. When looking for answer, we find, that ordinary statistical methods are not sufficient. It is necessary to identify causal relationships between characters. Therefore we get to issue of causality definition. Finally, we present some examples of Simpson's paradox in practice. Keywords: Simpson's paradox, association reversal, confounding, causality.
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