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Vplyv veku na prieduchovú vodivosť a fotosyntézu dubu letného
Beňová, Eva
Increasing age brings along lowering of the tree vitality. Ecophysiological parameters as photosynthesis and its dependence on the concentration of CO2 (A-Ci curves) and light, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance and water potential provide information on the physiological vitality of plants. These methods were used to assess the effect of age on the photosynthesis of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). Two groups of trees were compared, the first group was over 600 years old while the second was less than 30 years old. Gas exchange measurements indicated lower light-saturated photosynthesis of old trees. Using A-Ci curves helped to estimate biochemical limitations of photosynthesis such as Vcmax, Jmax a Rd (maximum rate of carbon carboxylation, maximum electron transport speed and day respiration; respectively), which were similar for both groups of the trees. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements enabled to estimate dark adapted (Fv/Fm) and light-adapted fluorescence (Fvˈ/Fmˈ). There were no differences between old and young trees in the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence. However, the stomatal conductance was lower in old than in young trees under unlimited soil water availability. Resulting intercellular concentration of CO2 was lower in old trees, which indicated a lower concentration of CO2 at the sites of carboxylation and lower carbon assimilation rate. On the other hand, higher values of water potential of old trees in the mild drought in summer indicated their better access to soil water. Therefore, maximal stomatal conductance was similar in both groups of trees upon mild drought. Minimum stomatal conductance was higher in old trees. The results suggest that one of the reasons for the lowering of the vitality of old trees is their inability to regulate stomatal conductance, and to optimize carbon assimilation-water loss balance.
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Implementace systému Omaha v komunitní praxi
BEŇOVÁ, Eva
Current situation: Standardized terminology of the Omaha system brings new opportunities for nurses providing community care. Objectives: Four objectives have been defined for this study: to implement the Omaha system in the nursing documentation for the purpose of verification of nursing care in community practice - to characterize the problems of patients with gastrointestinal diseases as per the Problem Classification Scheme - to map the links between problems and interventions as per the Intervention Scheme - to evaluate the problem results using the Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes of the Omaha system. Methodology: The research method used was based on the study by Kathryn H. Bowles (2000) addressing problems of patients and nurse interventions. The quantitative research method was implemented by inquiry using nursing documentation with the Omaha system implemented. The data acquired was tested using the software tools SPSS 22.0 and MS Excel. Research set: It consisted of 103 patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The inquiry was carried out by contact persons - nurses of the gastroenterology department. Results: Patients with gastrointestinal diseases suffering from a wide range of problems corresponding to given character of diseases, which predominantly occur in the Physiological Domain and Health-Related Behavior Domain. In terms of mapping of links between problems and interventions, the results have proven a high usability of the objectives defined in the Intervention Scheme in community practice. The interventions were mostly determined in the categories Treatments and Procedures and Surveillance. Statistical differences have been confirmed in the documentation of interventions in individual categories for patient problems as well as for the selection of interventions in individual categories with respect to the type of given gastrointestinal disease. The study results have proven a significant improvement of knowledge, behaviour and status for individual problems, which is shown in comparison of final values with the initial values of problem results. The implementation of the selected interventions as per the Intervention Scheme resulted in a reduction or elimination of ? of problems. Conclusions: The results of the research inquiry clearly show that the Omaha system is an appropriate tool for documentation of all stages of the nursing process in the community care. Implementation of the functional documentation in community practice requires the Czech version of the Omaha system and electronic form of the documentation, which are absent at present.
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