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Changes in pigmentation of animals during domestication
Ariskina, Sofya ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Kracíková, Olga (referee)
In this work there are described, based on different experiments, and on the basis of them written articles about changes of different types of animals in the course of domestikation. It is supposed that this process began 15 thousand years ago. Here a described main scenarios which show the reasons and ways of the beginning of domestication, and some main places where this process began.
But it is much more important that in the course of the domestication there was a big number of morphological, anatomic and physiological changes in which consequence wild animals gradually turned into domestic ones. These changes, whether it be considerable change of the corporal sizes, reduction of a brain, changes in nervous system, emergence of trailing ears or big quantity of various coat colors, testifies that animals lost the need to survive independently and began to depend partially or completely on people.
But a main goal of this work is to describe and explain the development of new, not existing in wild animals coat colors which are connected to the domestication process and, later, to the selection process, made by people. The general sign of all domesticated animals chosen and selected incidentally or intentionally on any signs is emergence of spottiness and heterogeneity of coat coloring, gradually turning into other colourings that are absolutely not typical for wild animals because in the wild nature would draw attention of predators or mark.
Also here is described the genetic component of process of emergence of new coat colors caused by a different ratio of an eumelanin and a feomelanin, and also various gene mutations (for ex. MC1R, ASIP ets.).
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