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Breastfeeding in Medieval and Early Modern Jewish Communities
Odvodyová, Eliška ; Žonca, Milan (advisor) ; Sládek, Pavel (referee)
The master's thesis examines attitudes towards breastfeeding in medieval Jewish communities. The study of this phenomenon in the presented thesis is based on analysis of medieval halakhic writings dealing with breastfeeding. Jewish attitudes towards breastfeeding are put into context of stream of thoughts widespread both in the Christian and Muslim communities of the same period. By this comparison between Jewish, Christian and Muslim perspectives on breastfeeding it is believed the thesis will be able to bring a better understanding of attitudes of religious authorities on this matter and to present everyday life of medieval families with children.
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Sadducees and Pharisees in the Light of the Texts of the Halakhah
Sýkorová, Běla ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This bachelor 's thesis deals with the Pharisees and the Sadducees groups. On the basis of the Talmud, the Josefus Flavius writings and the New Testament, it analyses the validity of following two general notions. The first general notion is that Pharisees used in theirs argumentations the Written Law as well as the Oral Law, while the Sadducees used only the Written Law. The second general notion is that the Pharisees interpretation of the Torah was less litteral that that of the Sadducees. While analyzing the text sources, this bachelor's thesis comments on the motivation and the aims of autors, on historical context and on limit sof these text sources. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Historical Development of Vocalization Systems in Hebrew
Sýkorová, Eliška ; Žonca, Milan (advisor) ; Sládek, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with three systems of Hebrew vocalization that emerged in Palestine and Babylonia between the 7th and 10th centuries. These are the Palestinian and Babylonian supralinear system and the sublinear Tiberias system, which is still in use today. The Tiberias system in this thesis serves as a means of comparing the other two systems of Hebrew vocalization and is therefore discussed in detail and given the most attention in this thesis. This bachelor thesis aims to give an introduction to each of the systems of Hebrew vocalization and to point out the main differences between the systems. The thesis focuses on the historical development of the aforementioned vocalization systems and concludes by outlining the reasons why the Tiberias system eventually emerged as the dominant one.
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Jews in Morocco and the Vichy regime (1940-1942)
Koubayová, Béatrice ; Boušek, Daniel (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This bachelor's thesis "Jews in Morocco during the Vichy regime: anti-Jewish legislation and its impacts" is about Jews in Morocco during the Vichy regime. This French colonial regime, which collaborated with Nazi Germany, introduced during its rule series of racial laws against the Jewish population in Morocco. These laws fundamentally had a major impact on the lives of the local Jews. The Vichy regime not only introduced anti-Jewish legislation, but also operated internment and labour camps in Morocco. The work aims to present anti-Jewish laws, their implementation, and impacts.
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The transformations of the role of woman in the Passover seder
Hetzendorfová, Valerie Rosa ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the role of women during the Passover seder dinner. The thesis starts by setting the historical overview of the seder dinner and by describing contemporary seder and its structure. The paper further examines relevant passages of Mishnah, Tosefta and Babylonian talmud dealing with women's obligation to keep seder mitzvot: drinking four cups of wine and reclining. The paper concentrates on two modern rituals originating in North America in the 1970s. These two rituals raise the questions of equality of Jewish women within Judaism. The first is the ritual of an orange on the seder plate, the second is the ritual of Miriam's cup. This paper also touches on the women seders from where these to new rituals could have been spread to family seder dinners.
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The integration challenge of Russian-speaking Jews in Israel
Getta, Mariia ; Zouplna, Jan (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This thesis discusses the question of mass migration of persons of Jewish origin from the Soviet Union to Israel roughly between the years 1989 and 1992, within the framework of the so-called "post-Soviet Aliyah". The position of these newcomers and their integration into Israeli society is the main topic of concern. While the initial part of the work provides an overview of Jewish life in the Russian Empire/Soviet Union, the first of the main sections discusses their political attitudes and activities after their arrival to Israel. The topic of the second of three main sections delves into the issues of religion among the immigrants in question, while the last section discusses their education and qualification as well as their application in Israel. This work attempts to depict the influence of specific conditions under the Soviet regime where Jewish identity underwent a process of drastic transformation and where Jews retained awareness of a specific ethnicity although culturally assimilated. This transformation set the stage for the formation of a specific group of immigrants who arrived in Israel from the Soviet Union in the time of its actual collapse and political disintegration.
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Exodus as the Root Experience of Jewish Universalism
Senft, Lukáš ; Lyčka, Milan (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This paper focuses on the philosophy of Ahad Ha-Am. Ha-Am is usually considered as a political thinker, however he dealt with judaism in many of his essays. I attempt to systematize his thesis on religion - my intention is to formulate a coherent summary of Ahad Ha-Am's philosophy of judaism. I analyze his conception of Moses as a key figure to the understanding of a jewish identity. The cultural memory seems as a very important part of Ha-Am's philosophical approach - it helps to hold the memory of Exodus and memory of prophetic ideal of universal justice, these memories have been shaping and preserving a jewish identity across history. Ha-Am's conception of religion is not easy to define which makes it deeply challenging for religious studies: it connects a political agenda with religious tradition, mythology with positivism, and it tries to sublime a particular nationalism into universal humanism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Concept of Flesh and Spirit in the Jewish Sapiential Work Musar le-Mevin
Pelíšková, Lenka ; Žonca, Milan (advisor) ; Dušek, Jan (referee)
The thesis aims to examine and refine the concepts of flesh and spirit in Musar le-Mevin, discussing Jörg Frey's hypothesis of the possibility to derive Paul's concept of sarx from Palestinian sapiential literature, in light of recent advancements in the field. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the term baśar and its relationship to sin, knowledge and election. The second part focuses on the term jeṣer, its possible translation and the role it might have played in the development of the concept of jeṣer ha-raʿ as an evil agent. The third part analyses the term ruaḥ and describes how the sapiential composition develops its specific view of the spirit. The last chapter attempts to locate the text in relation to other intertestamental views of flesh and sin. Finally, the thesis discusses the possibility of studying Musar le-Mevin as a background to Paul's anthropology. The thesis suggests that the text develops an idea of allotted shares of the spirit which determine a person's position and fate. It also attempts to describe how this view incorporates ruaḥ baśar as a designation for those who were not given the knowledge of good and evil. The term baśar might be understood as the outcome of a fusion of the traditional Biblical connotations of fleetingness and earthliness with a pessimistic...
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The Concept of Double Truth in Medieval Jewish and Arabic Thinking
Fischerová, Ester ; Válová, Dita (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This thesis deals with the double truth concept in Maimonides and Averroes, particularly in The Guide for the Perplexed and in The Decisive Treatise. At first the thesis will try to determine the terminological and methodological frame of this topic and to deal with the commentary tradition regarding this topic. While doing this, it will deal with the use of the term "truth" in Aristotle and in The Scripture and it will also ask what sentences can or cannot be deemed true or false according to Aristotelian logic. The thesis will further try to sketch the outlines of different aspects and types of double truth concept, which we can find in the authors of the primary literature. In its second part, the thesis deals with the nature of the primary literature and then with the relevant text passages, which serve to demonstrate the previously outlined double truth concept
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Authority and apostasy: the Barcelona disputation in the context of thirteenth-century Jewish-Christian polemics
Žonca, Milan ; Boušek, Daniel (advisor) ; Lyčka, Milan (referee)
The present work examines the Barcelona disputation of 1263 between Namanides and Friar Paul Christian in the context of Jewish-Christian thirteenth-century polemics. The text considers far-reaching changes in Christian "hermeneutical image" of a Jew in the course of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and attempts to connect them with the deteriorating situation of western Jewry in that period. Analyzing the Barcelona disputation itself, this work concentrates on two most distinctive traits of thirteenth-century polemics: the activity of apostates and questioning the legitimacy of Jewish post-biblical textual and communal authorities. Looking closely at the ways these questions were addressed by the participants, it is suggested that internal Jewish issues, such as the quest for correct interpretation of Talmudic aggadah or power struggles for authority influenced, through the mediation of apostates like Paul Christian, the polemical methodology and anti-Jewish imagery of medieval Christians in that period. It also suggests that Namanides, on the other hand, was in his polemical narrative not only refuting Christian claims, but trying to offer a commentary on contemporary Jewish questions as well.
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