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Adipose tissue metabolism and genetically modified murine models
Irodenko, Ilariia ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Železná, Blanka (referee)
Adipose tissue plays an important role in energy and glucose homeostasis. Adipose tissue metabolism includes lipolysis and lipogenesis processes which control lipid mobilization, storage and distribution in the body. In addition to that adipose tissue is recognized as an endocrine organ which generates cytokines and adipokines for communication with other organs and tissues. The major process of lipogenesis is triacylglycerol synthesis which comprises such enzymes as monoacylglycerol acyltransferase and diglyceride acyltransferase for triacylglycerol storage in a form of lipid droplets. The other way around main enzymes of lipolysis adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase produce sufficient amount of energy for other tissues. Lipid combustion in brown adipose tissue produces heat in the body through the function of uncoupling protein 1. Signaling pathways of lipolysis and thermogenesis comprise adrenergic receptors. Study of thermogenic function of uncoupling protein and adipose tissue metabolism can be useful for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Effects of PrRP (prolactin-releasing peptide) and NPFF (neuropeptide FF) analogs in vitro and in vivo
Tichá, Anežka ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Železná, Blanka (referee)
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and neuropeptide FF (NPFF) belong to the RF-amide family. These peptides have identical C-terminal amino acid sequence (R-F-NH2) and similar biological activities. PrRP was identified as an endogenous ligand of an orphan receptor GPR10 able to stimulate PRL-secretion in vitro and in vivo, but soon it was discoverd that this is not the primary function of this peptide. PrRP is thought to be an anorexigenic peptide as PrRP and GPR10 are found in several parts of the brain responsible for food intake regulation and because both GPR10 and PrRP deficient mice suffer from hyperphagia and late-onset obesity. In this study, relationship between PrRP and NPFF was studied using both in vitro binding and sell signaling and in vivo food intake and analgesia test in mice. In vitro experiments showed that PrRP bound to rat pituitary RC-4B/C cells containing GPR10 receptor with high affinity and NPFF, its stable analog 1DMe and its antagonist RF9 up to 10-5 M concentration did not bind to GPR10. NPFF, 1DMe and PrRP were bound to cell membranes with transfected NPFF2 receptor with high affinity, but RF9 with low affinity in a range of 10-7 M, in contrast to published literature. In vivo experiments with fasted mice confirmed that centrally injected PrRP and NPFF significantly...
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Secreted proteins by male reproductive tract
Cozlová, Nina ; Postlerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Železná, Blanka (referee) ; Antalíková, Jana (referee)
1 AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract Proteins secreted in the male reproductive tract play a key role in post-testicular development of sperm and in further steps needed for fertilization. Sperm maturation represents a key step in the reproduction process. Sperm, during the passage through the epididymis undergoes significant changes due to proteolytic and glycolytic activities in the epididymal fluid. Inhibitor of acrosin protects spermatozoa and reproductive epithelium against proteolytic degradation and also protects binding sites for ZP on sperm plasma membrane. In boar reproductive system acrosin inhibitor (AI) was found in seminal plasma and on sperm plasma membrane. Polyclonal antibody recognized AI in extracts of the cauda epididymidis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and Cowper's glands. Using immunofluorescence method has revealed the AI in the epithelium and lumen of these organs but also on the surface of epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. We registered the increasing signal of AI from caput to cauda epididymis. Gene expression of AI mRNA was detected in the epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and Cowper's glands and increased gradually throughout the epididymal duct. In present study, we also monitored AI in boar epididymal fluid and spermatozoa along the organ. In the epididymis, AI may...
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Adipose tissue metabolism and genetically modified murine models
Irodenko, Ilariia ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Železná, Blanka (referee)
Adipose tissue plays an important role in energy and glucose homeostasis. Adipose tissue metabolism includes lipolysis and lipogenesis processes which control lipid mobilization, storage and distribution in the body. In addition to that adipose tissue is recognized as an endocrine organ which generates cytokines and adipokines for communication with other organs and tissues. The major process of lipogenesis is triacylglycerol synthesis which comprises such enzymes as monoacylglycerol acyltransferase and diglyceride acyltransferase for triacylglycerol storage in a form of lipid droplets. The other way around main enzymes of lipolysis adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase produce sufficient amount of energy for other tissues. Lipid combustion in brown adipose tissue produces heat in the body through the function of uncoupling protein 1. Signaling pathways of lipolysis and thermogenesis comprise adrenergic receptors. Study of thermogenic function of uncoupling protein and adipose tissue metabolism can be useful for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Secreted proteins by male reproductive tract
Cozlová, Nina ; Postlerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Železná, Blanka (referee) ; Antalíková, Jana (referee)
1 AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract Proteins secreted in the male reproductive tract play a key role in post-testicular development of sperm and in further steps needed for fertilization. Sperm maturation represents a key step in the reproduction process. Sperm, during the passage through the epididymis undergoes significant changes due to proteolytic and glycolytic activities in the epididymal fluid. Inhibitor of acrosin protects spermatozoa and reproductive epithelium against proteolytic degradation and also protects binding sites for ZP on sperm plasma membrane. In boar reproductive system acrosin inhibitor (AI) was found in seminal plasma and on sperm plasma membrane. Polyclonal antibody recognized AI in extracts of the cauda epididymidis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and Cowper's glands. Using immunofluorescence method has revealed the AI in the epithelium and lumen of these organs but also on the surface of epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. We registered the increasing signal of AI from caput to cauda epididymis. Gene expression of AI mRNA was detected in the epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and Cowper's glands and increased gradually throughout the epididymal duct. In present study, we also monitored AI in boar epididymal fluid and spermatozoa along the organ. In the epididymis, AI may...
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Effects of PrRP (prolactin-releasing peptide) and NPFF (neuropeptide FF) analogs in vitro and in vivo
Tichá, Anežka ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Železná, Blanka (referee)
Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and neuropeptide FF (NPFF) belong to the RF-amide family. These peptides have identical C-terminal amino acid sequence (R-F-NH2) and similar biological activities. PrRP was identified as an endogenous ligand of an orphan receptor GPR10 able to stimulate PRL-secretion in vitro and in vivo, but soon it was discoverd that this is not the primary function of this peptide. PrRP is thought to be an anorexigenic peptide as PrRP and GPR10 are found in several parts of the brain responsible for food intake regulation and because both GPR10 and PrRP deficient mice suffer from hyperphagia and late-onset obesity. In this study, relationship between PrRP and NPFF was studied using both in vitro binding and sell signaling and in vivo food intake and analgesia test in mice. In vitro experiments showed that PrRP bound to rat pituitary RC-4B/C cells containing GPR10 receptor with high affinity and NPFF, its stable analog 1DMe and its antagonist RF9 up to 10-5 M concentration did not bind to GPR10. NPFF, 1DMe and PrRP were bound to cell membranes with transfected NPFF2 receptor with high affinity, but RF9 with low affinity in a range of 10-7 M, in contrast to published literature. In vivo experiments with fasted mice confirmed that centrally injected PrRP and NPFF significantly...
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