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Federated learning
Georgiu, Martin ; Švarný, Petr (advisor) ; Blicha, Martin (referee)
for thesis Federated learning by Martin Georgiu The remarkable advancements in machine learning in recent years have been unprece- dented, yet the constant need for more and more data to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) remains. In sectors such as healthcare, it is unrealistic to aim to create one single dataset that would consolidate all the information about patients from various hospitals. When training ANNs, the data cannot leave the hospital, and therefore any ANN training can be executed solely locally on the given hospital's data. Federated learning (FL) is a novel approach that can be used in such settings, maintaining the system's privacy with- out compromises. In this thesis, we are comparing FL against other approaches striving for the same objective, diving into the security of FL and investigating concrete strategies for FL. Lastly, we've created a fully working open-source example of skin spot analysis trained using FL, which can also be easily extended and used with other datasets. 1
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The malfunction concept in complex systems
Švarný, Petr ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (referee)
The paper studies the concept of malfunction or illness, which are characterized by nonstandard or undesirable behaviour of the given complex systems. The parallels and differences between natural and artificial mind, simple and complex systems are shown to be crucial for the conclusion, that mental disorders must not be restricted to human minds.
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Probabilistic semantics for Independence-friendly Logics
Seidl, Julian ; Majer, Ondrej (advisor) ; Švarný, Petr (referee)
(in English): Character of the work is purely theoretical and it pursues game theory in the perspective of mathematical logic and probability. The work is divided into two parts. Introductory part compiles basic concepts and definitions, summarizing the game theory and basics of syntax and semantics of mathematical logic and its extensions suitable for work in the field of game theory. Introductory part also explains following terms: extensive and strategic form of games, Nash equilibrium, pure and mixed strategies, winning strategies or independence-friendly logic. The problems solved in the second part of the work such as question of existence of Nash equilibrium in the games with infinite models or issue which arises when trying to uniformly distribute the probability of strategies in the same class of games are sketched out. The second part continues with analysis of strategic games with imperfect information aiming to the solution of nontrivial problems earlier proposed. Second part also introduces basic concepts and definitions of the probability theory, which helps comprehending the problems mentioned above. The last part of the work before the very presentation of some results induced by the area of infinite games is conversion between strategic and extensive games form. In the end of the...
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Koza and Prolog
Frauknecht, Jan ; Švarný, Petr (advisor) ; Verner, Jonathan (referee)
This paper introduces the artificial intelligence background of ge- netic programming and some properties of logical programming para- digm. However, the main task of this work is to create the genetic programming algorithm that operates with the logical programming paradigm. SWI-Prolog is used for the actual implementation of such a program. This implementation is in detail described. The testing of this implementation shows some possible path for the future work. 1
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Koza and Prolog
Frauknecht, Jan ; Švarný, Petr (advisor) ; Verner, Jonathan (referee)
This paper introduces the artificial intelligence background of ge- netic programming and some properties of logical programming para- digm. However, the main task of this work is to create the genetic programming algorithm that operates with the logical programming paradigm. SWI-Prolog is used for the actual implementation of such a program. This implementation is in detail described. The testing of this implementation shows some possible path for the future work. 1
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Probabilistic semantics for Independence-friendly Logics
Seidl, Julian ; Majer, Ondrej (advisor) ; Švarný, Petr (referee)
(in English): Character of the work is purely theoretical and it pursues game theory in the perspective of mathematical logic and probability. The work is divided into two parts. Introductory part compiles basic concepts and definitions, summarizing the game theory and basics of syntax and semantics of mathematical logic and its extensions suitable for work in the field of game theory. Introductory part also explains following terms: extensive and strategic form of games, Nash equilibrium, pure and mixed strategies, winning strategies or independence-friendly logic. The problems solved in the second part of the work such as question of existence of Nash equilibrium in the games with infinite models or issue which arises when trying to uniformly distribute the probability of strategies in the same class of games are sketched out. The second part continues with analysis of strategic games with imperfect information aiming to the solution of nontrivial problems earlier proposed. Second part also introduces basic concepts and definitions of the probability theory, which helps comprehending the problems mentioned above. The last part of the work before the very presentation of some results induced by the area of infinite games is conversion between strategic and extensive games form. In the end of the...
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Aplikace temporálních logik ve fyzice
Švarný, Petr ; Majer, Ondrej (advisor) ; Pudlák, Pavel (referee)
This thesis presents an introduction to the three main fields that study time: physics, philosophy, and logics. A brief introduction to general relativity, thermodynamics and quantum physics is made. Also some of the basic ideas from the philosophy of time are explained and dualities connected to time are described, e.g. eternalism vs. presentism, determinism vs. indeterminism and the reality or unreality of time. As there is a huge number of temporal logics, only the main ideas that differentiate these logics from others are pointed out and some typical proofs are then shown. Special attention is then given to the relation between logics and physics, how the first can be used in the latter. Thereafter, Branching space-times and Branching continuation models are presented, which proved to be useful within quantum physics. Next, some basic terminology connected to general relativity and the A, P and T topologies are introduced . These are used together with the given models to investigate a possible combination.
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The malfunction concept in complex systems
Švarný, Petr ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jirků, Petr (advisor)
The paper studies the concept of malfunction or illness, which are characterized by nonstandard or undesirable behaviour of the given complex systems. The parallels and differences between natural and artificial mind, simple and complex systems are shown to be crucial for the conclusion, that mental disorders must not be restricted to human minds.
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The use of logic in IT security
Švarný, Petr ; Řepa, Václav (advisor) ; Mařík, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis studies the use of dynamic epistemic logics for the sake of information privacy. The core of the work is the synthesis of three approaches: security logics from A. Hommersom, plausibility frames and communication logic from A. Baltag and S. Smets, and studies concerning the so called Russian cards protocol. Thereafter we present a program, made in the NetLogo environment, in order to demonstrate the workings of the basic ideas.
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