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The impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour in South Africa
Šustová, Šárka ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the impact of HIV/AIDS on the reproductive behaviour of population of South Africa, its four racial groups and its nine provinces since the half of 1980's. Before the analysis of the impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour was made, it was shown how big the problem of HIV/AIDS is in South Africa. The HIV incidence and prevalence were used for this purpose. The impact of HIV/AIDS was noticeable from the comparison of levels of fertility between HIV positive and negative women. The impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour was further assessed using the decomposition methods and the statistical and epidemiological indicator called population attributable change. The results of analyses revealed the exceptional position of South Africa between other African countries that suffer from HIV/AIDS as well. A regression analysis showed that the growing prevalence of HIV increases the overall level of fertility. At the end of the thesis the projection of fertility till 2030 was made to illustrate the theoretical development of fertility provided that nobody become infected with HIV since the beginning of 2010.
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Fertility differentiation after the second world war in the Czech Republic and Japan
Cellarová, Irena ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šustová, Šárka (referee)
Fertility differentiation after the Second World War in the Czech Republic and Japan Abstract The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare the fertility evolution in the Czech Republic and Japan after the Second World War until now, whereas there have been significant changes in this period. The analysis of fertility places emphasis on comparing the evolution of total fertility rate, the mean age of women at childbirth and the proportion of non-martial births. Although the indicator of total fertility rate started from relatively high and diverse values now the differences between countries are at a negligible level, and the value of total fertility rate is far below the replacement level. The mean age of women at childbirth in Japan has maintained a higher value than in the Czech Republic throughout the period. The proportions of non-marital births are extremely different; the value exceeds 40 % in the Czech Republic, unlike Japan, where it has never exceeded even 3 %, which is particularly due to a low proportion of cohabitation in the country. Keywords: fertility, second demographic transition, Czech Republic, Japan
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Working poor in the Czech Republic
Šustová, Šárka
WORKING POOR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract Even though poverty is not the death or life question in developed countries it is necessary to pay attention to it. The topic of poverty, social cohesion and social exclusion plays now an increasing role in the EU agenda; working poor started to be explored in 1990s there. Working poor are people poor despite working. Work should serve as a protection of poverty, it should guarantee better living standard to employed people in comparison to those dependent on social protection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of working poor, to identify them, to find out the reasons why they are poor and to develop measures to help them not to be poor. This thesis brings a comprehensive view on the working poor in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the poverty rate as well as characteristics of working poor. Methods for measuring this phenomenon have not been fully developed yet, there is still not a consensus on the most suitable methods. Different methods are introduced, compared and critically evaluated in the first - theoretically oriented - part of the thesis. Combination and modification of existing methods creates a base for methodology used in this thesis. The core part of the thesis is dedicated to the detailed analysis of working poor in the...
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Child mortality in less developed countries
Magenheimová, Kateřina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šustová, Šárka (referee)
Child mortality in less developed Abstract The Bachelor thesis explores trends of child mortality in the age group under five years in developing countries in the period from the start of statistical data registration to the present. Selected demographic indicators are used in order to depict patterns of child mortality in world regions according to the classification of UNICEF, in which developing countries are located. Next, the development of child mortality is examined in selected developing countries. The specific factors affecting child mortality are taken into account. The study of child mortality also focuses on gender differentials, medical causes of the death, and development in the coming decades. Keywords: child mortality, less developed countries, gender, medical cause
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Fertility differentiation after the second world war in the Czech Republic and Japan
Cellarová, Irena ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šustová, Šárka (referee)
Fertility differentiation after the Second World War in the Czech Republic and Japan Abstract The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare the fertility evolution in the Czech Republic and Japan after the Second World War until now, whereas there have been significant changes in this period. The analysis of fertility places emphasis on comparing the evolution of total fertility rate, the mean age of women at childbirth and the proportion of non-martial births. Although the indicator of total fertility rate started from relatively high and diverse values now the differences between countries are at a negligible level, and the value of total fertility rate is far below the replacement level. The mean age of women at childbirth in Japan has maintained a higher value than in the Czech Republic throughout the period. The proportions of non-marital births are extremely different; the value exceeds 40 % in the Czech Republic, unlike Japan, where it has never exceeded even 3 %, which is particularly due to a low proportion of cohabitation in the country. Keywords: fertility, second demographic transition, Czech Republic, Japan
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Determinants of poverty in the Czech Republic
Chválová, Martina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šustová, Šárka (referee)
DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract In this thesis we present the determinants and the current state of poverty in the Czech Republic in 2014. We clearly set out the definition of poverty and delimit various concepts of poverty, that is the old and the new concept of poverty, the subjective versus the objective one, the absolute versus the relative concept, as well as the direct and the indirect plus the prescriptive and the consensual poverty. We also introduce various ways to measure poverty. A substantial part of the theoretical section focuses on the introduced methods and definitions of particular indicators (the at risk of poverty rate, the relative median at risk of poverty gap, the Gini coefficient, the income quintile share ratio, the material deprivation rate). We have used the method of logistic regression and the processed data which were gained from the project Životní podmínky 2014 (The Living Conditions 2014) and EU-SILC 2014. At the same time, still in the theoretical part of the thesis, we also dealt with the causes of poverty and the attitudes towards the poor as sociology, psychology and ethics view them. The analysis has proved that, based on equivalised household income, persons living in households in villages with 2 000-4 999 inhabitants are susceptible to poverty...
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Childlessness and its aspects in selected European countries
Žemberová, Karolína ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šustová, Šárka (referee)
This thesis addresses childlessness and its aspects in selected European countries: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Estonia, the Netherlands, Sweden and Norway. The aim of this work is to discover whether there are differences between capitalist and post-socialist countries when it comes to the development of childlessness and fertility. The tools are: the analysis of fertility, the average age of mothers at childbirth and analysis of childlessness using both transversal and longitudinal indicators. The indicators used in the analysis were of the first and second category. Another aim of this thesis is to find out whether there are differences between the attitudes, opinions and values when it comes to approach to the family, the division of gender roles and children between childless respondents and respondents with children. The differentiation between sex and age groups through the use of three matrices with questions from three surveys (European Values Study, Eurobarometer and ISSP) are also investigated. The factor analysis and the method of principal components are used to reduce the number of variables. The results of the factor analysis are indexed and the indexes are then used to reveal how the differences manifest themselves in the monitored groups of respondents. The main result of...
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Working poor in the Czech Republic
Šustová, Šárka
WORKING POOR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract Even though poverty is not the death or life question in developed countries it is necessary to pay attention to it. The topic of poverty, social cohesion and social exclusion plays now an increasing role in the EU agenda; working poor started to be explored in 1990s there. Working poor are people poor despite working. Work should serve as a protection of poverty, it should guarantee better living standard to employed people in comparison to those dependent on social protection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of working poor, to identify them, to find out the reasons why they are poor and to develop measures to help them not to be poor. This thesis brings a comprehensive view on the working poor in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the poverty rate as well as characteristics of working poor. Methods for measuring this phenomenon have not been fully developed yet, there is still not a consensus on the most suitable methods. Different methods are introduced, compared and critically evaluated in the first - theoretically oriented - part of the thesis. Combination and modification of existing methods creates a base for methodology used in this thesis. The core part of the thesis is dedicated to the detailed analysis of working poor in the...
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Working poor in the Czech Republic
Šustová, Šárka ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
WORKING POOR IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Abstract Even though poverty is not the death or life question in developed countries it is necessary to pay attention to it. The topic of poverty, social cohesion and social exclusion plays now an increasing role in the EU agenda; working poor started to be explored in 1990s there. Working poor are people poor despite working. Work should serve as a protection of poverty, it should guarantee better living standard to employed people in comparison to those dependent on social protection. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of working poor, to identify them, to find out the reasons why they are poor and to develop measures to help them not to be poor. This thesis brings a comprehensive view on the working poor in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the poverty rate as well as characteristics of working poor. Methods for measuring this phenomenon have not been fully developed yet, there is still not a consensus on the most suitable methods. Different methods are introduced, compared and critically evaluated in the first - theoretically oriented - part of the thesis. Combination and modification of existing methods creates a base for methodology used in this thesis. The core part of the thesis is dedicated to the detailed analysis of working poor in the...
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