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Senior citizens' home
Šafář, Petr ; Peterka, Tomáš (referee) ; Müller, Jan (advisor)
Diploma´s thesis of Senior citizens' home is compile in project documentation by legislation in force. Object is situated on plat 260/3 in Sadová. In the building, there are part with apartments and coffee room. It is three-storey cellarless building with flat roof. Acces to building and coffee room is barier-free including parking. House is with elevator. In each floor is barrier-free apartment. Project is compile including static analysis of connection girder, fire safety solution and thermal technical assessment.
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Family house, Mokrovousy
Šafář, Petr ; Matějka, Libor (referee) ; Müller, Jan (advisor)
The subject of Bachelor’s thesis is devise project documentation for family house. The building is designed as a non-basement with one floor and attic, located on gently sloping terrain in a quiet area. Part of the house is a garden house with covered parking lot for one car and terrace. The house is designed of brick blocks, covered gable roof. Layout allows accommodation for 4-5 persons.
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Breast cancer prevention
Shafafi, Pouyan ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Risk factors for breast cancer are an important tool in providing clues to pathogenesis and identifying patients likely to benefit from surveillance and risk reduction interventions. Although breast cancer can develop in both sexes, women are at greatly increased risk and breast cancer in males is uncommon. Age is a useful risk factor applied everyday in clinical practice; breast cancer is rare in women younger than 30 and very common in women older than 60. Family history is most significant when breast cancer affects young first-degree relatives (mothers, sisters, and daughters) and when cases of ovarian cancer are found within the same side of the family. Histologic risk factors most concerning are ADH (acute ductal hyperplasia), ALH (atypical lobar hyperplasia), and LCIS (Lobar carcinoma in situ).
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Prevention of cervical cancer
Mork, Birgitte ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers where incidence and mortality have been falling within the last decades. It is natural to look at this in combination with the simple screening tool used for detection. A simple test can prove the early stages of cancer, and by this detection, early treatment can be initiated and death prevented. National screening programs have been started in Norway and many other countries, which both inform women about risk factors for cervical cancer and symptoms of the disease and screen them for early detection of the cancer at regular intervals. Combined, these preventive measures have been proven to reduce both the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in the countries where they have been introduced. Many studies have shown that the most probable cause of cervical cancer is the presence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Recently, pharmaceutical companies have developed vaccines against the most common causative agents of cervical cancer - HPV-16 and HPV-18. The introduction of this vaccine, mainly to young girls before their sexual debut (9-12 years), is expected to reduce the incidence even further. Some countries have already included this vaccine in their national vaccination program, whereas in other countries the vaccine has to be purchased by the individual...
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Prevention of cervical cancer
Berland, Ingvild ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
I chose the theme of my diploma thesis, prevention of cervical cancer not based on my long-term interest in this subject, but after my clinical practise during 5th year of medicine. I was fortunate enough to be accepted to do parts of my practical training in a hospital in Molde, Norway. My consultant there was an experienced gynaecologist that thought me as much as possible in few weeks. In particular he thought me about cervical cancer and ways how it is possible to prevent it. I also saw many patients affected by the cancer and took part in prevention of some that might suffer from the cancer if they would not get this treatment. To see the outcome without sufficient prevention was sad, but also very inspiring, it was an excellent method of learning how important prevention can be and that the best way how to treat disease is in fact to find ways how to prevent it. Cervical cancer and its prevention programme is an excellent example of how medicine has succeeded and I hope that reading this diploma work will help the reader understand the degree of its value.
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Prevention of breast cancer
Mrázová, Anna ; Šafář, Petr (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, after skin cancer, and the leading cause of cancer death among women. It occurs in both men and women, although male breast cancer is rare. Breast cancer incidence is on the rise globally, with the highest rates occurring in developed countries. Some reasons for this trend include dietary changes, decreased activity and changes in reproductive patterns. Although breast cancer incidence is on the rise, breast cancer mortality has been stagnating. The exact cause of breast cancer is not clearly known. Studies have identified many risk factors, which increase the chance of developing breast cancer. The most important risk factors are sex, age, personal history of breast cancer, family history of breast cancer, early menarche, nuliparity, late menopause, atypical hyperplasia, obesity and radiation to the chest. The common donominator for many of these risk factors is their effect on the level and duration of exposure to endogenous estrogen. Breast cancer, like all cancers, develops because of defects in DNA. The cancer-causing DNA defects can be inherited, or may develop during adult life. Inherited DNA defects account for only 5-10 % of breast cancers and they are mainly associated with mutations in...
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Prevention of cervical cancer
Lhotáková, Petra ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Cancer of the cervix is the third most common gynecological cancer diseases in the Czech Republic and is the second leading cause of death from malignant consequences disease in women aged 15-44 years in Europe. The Czech Republic is cervical cancer throat diagnosed each year with approximately a thousand women, with almost 400 women in this disease die . The pathogenesis of this cancer is multifactorial , the essential role plays a persistent infection risk types of human papilloma virus, HPV , which is proven at about 3-5 % of women aged 35-40 years. Due to the frequent occurrence of this tumor disease for many years introduced secondary preventive screening, aimed at the detection of precancerous and early invasive breast forms , which are very good therapeutic influenced . Substantial progress in recent years is the possibility of primary prevention of these diseases using HPV vaccine viruses. Both vaccines available on the market are targeted against the two major types of HPV - types 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70 % of high grade cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The efficacy of these vaccines was observed in a number of randomized , placebo-controlled trials in which the demonstrated excellent immunogenicity leading to seroconversion in virtually all vaccinated people. Above...
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Prevention of postopertative complications in gynaecological surgeries
Vinařová, Šárka ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Prevention of postoperative complications is a list of precautions, which must be taken before, during and after the surgery. It includes local complications, for example postoperative sickness, which can not be eliminated. We only try to ease its course. We prevent infectious complications together with anesthesiologists, which administer medication before surgery. Troughough desinfection of operative field and sterilisation of equipment also plays a role. Each bodily system has predisposition to different complications. I have described here most common ones and the metodes used to prevent them
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