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Archaeobotanical characteristics of plant macroremains of Bronze Age and Iron Age deposits from south Bohemia in settlement and burial contexts
ŠÁLKOVÁ, Tereza
The thesis deals with archaeobotanical analysis and its possible contribution in different types of Bronze Age and Iron Age archaeological contexts. Using this method on selected excavations of the period under study in southern Bohemia, it was possible to capture the species structure of cultivated plants and its development during the studied period. In the context of central Europe, the composition of the plants cultivated in southern Bohemia was closer to the Alpine region in the Early and Middle Bronze Age. In the Late and Final Bronze Age, the composition of the spectrum of cultivated plants in southern Bohemia was distinctive, but closer to the core areas of Bohemia. In the Iron Age, the individual South Bohemian assemblages were different, which was, however, also typical for the Alpine and core areas of Bohemia. However, both of these regions differed from the eastern regions. Archaeobotany made it possible to reconstruct open agricultural landscapes with a high deforestation in the hinterland of hillforts and settlements of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, as well as in the hinterland of model settlements of the Late Bronze Age in the Bechyně region - Hvožďany and Březnice. The deforested landscape was also reflected in the burial on the fringe of the Iron Age settled area in Zahrádka by Český Krumlov. During the period under study the use of plant resources and the economic importance of plant foraging in the hinterland of settlements and around burial sites has been documented. Archaeobotany allowed reconstructing details of the processes related to the deposition of metal hoards in the Bronze Age, processes related to the burial rite and the use of the landscape in the vicinity of the burial sites, as well as processes of waste disposal in the settlements.
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Macro-remains analysis of the Late Bronze Age settlement in Březnice (Tábor)
ŠÁLKOVÁ, Tereza
This article presents the results of the macro-remains analysis of the Late Bronze age settlement in Březnice of the excavation in the year 2006. The macro-remains of cultivated plants were found in the form of legumes (lentil, pea, vetch, broad bean) as were four species of wheat (wheat, spelta, emmer, einkorn) and seed of barley and millet. A few small oat and rye grains present in the analysed samples were probably only weeds. This collection is valuable because of species variety of cultivated plants is broad and number of others macro-remakes high.
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Archaeobotanical findings of gathered plants in the Early prehistory from the Czech Republic
Mandelová, Alžběta ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šálková, Tereza (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to describe the possibilities of embedding the practice of studying gathered plants and to specify related problems with regard to the period of Early Prehistory. The subject matter is examined in consideration with plant remains originating from Neolithic, Aeneolithic and the Bronze Age in the area of the Czech republic, and neighbouring European states. Emphasis is mainly laid on conclusions made from the plant macro-remains analysis. Nonetheless, also another possibilities of practicing study of wild- growing plants with different archaeobotanical methods are mentioned. This rather neglected topic might as well contribute to the reconstruction of plant economy in prehistoric times. One of the outcomes is a catalogue of selected plant species created on the basis of the Archaeobotanical Database of the Czech Republic. The catalogue mainly describes macro- remains of these species found in the territory of the Czech Republic, adding information about their possibly use, based on historical sources and current ethnographical studies. Another catalogue contains data regarding sites, where the macro-remains were captured, with more detailed information on particular research. The results obtained from the Archaeobotanical Database are then being compared with data from...
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Archaeobotanical findings of gathered plants in the Early prehistory from the Czech Republic
Mandelová, Alžběta ; Popelka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šálková, Tereza (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to describe the possibilities of embedding the practice of studying gathered plants and to specify related problems with regard to the period of Early Prehistory. The subject matter is examined in consideration with plant remains originating from Neolithic, Aeneolithic and the Bronze Age in the area of the Czech republic, and neighbouring European states. Emphasis is mainly laid on conclusions made from the plant macro-remains analysis. Nonetheless, also another possibilities of practicing study of wild- growing plants with different archaeobotanical methods are mentioned. This rather neglected topic might as well contribute to the reconstruction of plant economy in prehistoric times. One of the outcomes is a catalogue of selected plant species created on the basis of the Archaeobotanical Database of the Czech Republic. The catalogue mainly describes macro- remains of these species found in the territory of the Czech Republic, adding information about their possibly use, based on historical sources and current ethnographical studies. Another catalogue contains data regarding sites, where the macro-remains were captured, with more detailed information on particular research. The results obtained from the Archaeobotanical Database are then being compared with data from...
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Macro-remain Analysis of the Late Bronze Age sttlement in Březnice
ŠÁLKOVÁ, Tereza
The late Bronze Age settlement in Březnice near Bechyně (South Bohemia) was investigated during 2005-2009. As well as commonly found features, many ditches were also found (about 1/3). These ditches are linear pits oriented in a north-south direction and the length (usually 4-7m) is four times the width. The results of macro-remains analysis of the late Bronze Age settlement in Březnice represent extraordinarily rich collections of archaeobotanical finds. Extracted macro-remains bear attributes of waste origin where Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare, Fallopia convolvulus are the most frequent. In the analyzed samples the main cereals were millet (Panicum miliaceum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). Less frequent were species of wheat: bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), spelt (T. spelta), emmer (T. dicoccum) and einkorn (T. monococcum). Other macroremains found were legumes: lentil (Lens esculenta), pea (Pisum sativum) and broad bean (Vicia faba). Poppy seeds (Papaver sp.) were rare.
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