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Characteristic of aerosol particles in indoor environment of different types of libraries and archives
Mašková, Ludmila ; Smolík, Jiří (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee) ; Barták, Martin (referee)
Aerosol particles are one of the major pollutants in outdoor and indoor air. Particulate matter (PM) can be harmful for works of art by causing soiling and chemical damage, depending on particle size and chemical composition. This study includes indoor/outdoor monitoring of air quality in five archives in the CR, representing different outdoor environments: Zlatá Koruna (rural), Třeboň (small town), Teplice (industrial area), and two archives (National Library - NL and National Archives - NA) in Prague (large city with traffic). The NL and the archives in Zlatá Koruna, Třeboň and Teplice are only naturally ventilated, while NA in Prague is equipped with ventilation and filtration system. The measurements were performed during 4 intensive campaigns in different seasons of the year at every location. The measurements included particle number/mass concentrations, size distributions and chemical composition. Additional measurements were carried out in 2 museums, a depository, and a church. The aim of this study is to investigate concentrations, sources, and chemical composition of PM in the indoor environment, and to establish the relationship between the indoor and outdoor environment. The results showed that concentrations of fine particles in the indoor environment of the NA in Prague were...
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Source apportionment of atmospheric aerosol fraction using by highly time resolved characterisation
Pokorná, Petra ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Havránek, Vladimír (referee) ; Schwarz, Jaroslav (referee)
The effective air quality management in the heavy polluted areas has to be based on high-quality monitoring with properly designed monitoring network and targeted measurements, which provided information required to source apportionment. The thesis aim was to apportion sources of atmospheric aerosol based on highly time resolved data of mass concentration of size segregated aerosol, its temporal and spatial variability, elemental composition, OC/EC and size distribution of carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Sampling campaigns went during winter and summer in small settlement Březno by Chomutov, residential area Ostrava - Radvanice a Bartovice and Mladá Boleslav in the years 2008 - 2010, 2012, 2013. We determined mass concentrations of PM10, PM1-10, PM1.15-10 and PM0.15-1.5 and their size fraction ratios. Based on the size ratios, the source apportionment of fine fraction (PM0.15-1.15) with focus on PM0.34-1.15 is crucial. We examined seasonal and spatial variability of PM10, PM.2.5, PM1 and PM1-10. Based on the examination, we obtained representative highly-time resolved data with regards to season and sampling locality. We analysed dynamic of size distribution of particle-bond eight carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. Based on the results the source apportionment of PM0.34-1.15 is crucial....
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What is a connection between atmospheric aerosols, meteorological parameters and gaseous pollutants?
Slezáčková Zíková, Naděžda ; Ždímal, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee) ; Sedlák, Pavel (referee)
Title: What is the connection between atmospheric aerosols, meteorological pa- rameters and gaseous pollutants? Author: RNDr. Naděžda Slezáčková Zíková Department: Department of Meteorology and Environment Protection Supervisor: Ing. Vladimír Ždímal, Dr. Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fun- damentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Abstract: Five years of atmospheric aerosol (AA) measurements at rural back- ground station Košetice were compared with meteorological records and gaseous pollutants concentrations. The sampling and data analysis of AA data is de- scribed, and the statistical evaluation is done. The variability in the AA con- centrations is significant; the long-term measurements of AA, over the period at least several years, and the differentiation according to the season of the year are thus necessary. The clearly expressed annual cycle of AA concentrations is mainly influenced by two phenomena. From April to September, the total AA concentration cycle is driven mainly by the new particles formation events, from October to March, the concentrations are strongly influenced by particles coming from long-range transport and/or from the regional pollution. The relationship between AA and meteorological parameters, however, is not only season...
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Personal exposure to PM10 of selected workplaces in a coal strip mine determined by experiment
Basslerová, Barbora ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
This thesis compares the experimentally determinated values of PM1, PM2,5, respirable fraction and PM10 between the cab drivers and the outdoor walkway of the bucket wheel excavator in the brown coal strip mine Doly Nástup Tušimice between March 16 and March 23, 2015. For the measurement of individual fractions, portable laser nephelometers were used. Superiority of coarse aerosol was confirmed outside from the total measurement time accounted for 82 %. PM10 fraction predominated outside and changed throughout the day depending on the activity carried out by a worker. Regular cleaning by sweeping stretches of dunes had an impact on PM10 concentrations. Fluctuations in the concentration of PM1 were detected in the driver cab due to smokers stay at this workplace. For these reasons there is a concentration difference between work shifts. Air temperature and relative humidity were also monitored in both types of work places. The air temperature average values reached over the range recommended for the optimal working environment in the driver cab. The thesis finds out personal exposure of a bucket-wheel excavator driver which is below the limit for the total concentration. Smaller fractions appears to be a potentially health risk. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Safety aspects of nanoaerosols in the work environment
Skřehotová, Marcela ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
People have been exposed to aerosols since forever. However, the newly manufactured nanomaterials involve risks for those we are not ready. Although these are relatively new materials and technologies some of them have already demonstrated their serious health consequences. Therefore it is necessary to deal with the issues of human health protection from the unwilling effects. The present thesis summarizes selected safety aspects related to nanoaerosols exposure in the workplaces, which are currently the subject of attention. Thus the thesis presents the glossed results of author's previous professional work with reference to relevant publications.
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Air quality at school
Hromádka, Jiří ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
(EN) Thesis describes air quality in schools, its main factors of interest and according to the longitudinal study it suggests possible solutions for improvement. The study had been done in Kladská elementary school, Prague, Czech Republic, based on the findings obtained from the initial literature review. Although many scientific papers have been published mainly during last decade, there is a very limited amount of information concerning this issue within a longer timescale and a complex point of view is missing. The school environment was chosen because children are one of the groups at higher risk when adverse health effects caused by inadequate indoor air quality are evaluated. Aerosol particles and carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and relative humidity levels are important factors of interest in this case and all of them were included in the study. 8 measuring campaigns, each of them took 1 week, had been done throughout the whole school year. The main aim of these campaigns was monitoring and describing the variability of all selected factors during the day or year as well as between different classrooms. Average aerosol particles concentration (PM10) didn't exceed 70µg.m-3 during most of the campaigns and the pupil's activity was evaluated as the main influencing factor. The...
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Approaches to quantification of occult deposition of sulphur and nitrogen from fog and rime
Šrédlová, Kamila ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize available approaches for quantification of occult deposition of sulphur and nitrogen from fog and rime. Atmospheric deposition is a complex of processes by which pollutants are transferred from the air to the earth's surface and therefore it contributes to the atmosphere's self-cleaning. At the same time it represents an input of these pollutants to other components of the environment. Atmospheric deposition consists of dry deposition, which occurs in the absence of precipitation, and wet deposition, which occurs during precipitation. Wet deposition further consists of a vertical component (rain, snow, hail) and an occult component (fog, rime, hoarfrost). The common approach to quantifying total deposition nowadays is simply combining dry plus vertical wet deposition. But when applying this approach and neglecting occult deposition we are likely to substantially underestimate the true total deposition (e.g. Hůnová et al., 2011). This means we don't know the actual amount of pollutants transferred to the environment. The importance of occult deposition rises with increasing altitude (Lange et al., 2003). Occult precipitation also often contains higher concentrations of ions and stays longer in contact with the vegetation than vertical precipitation. There are...
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Droplet size evolution during rain event
Kim, Yong Min ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Braniš, Martin (referee)
This work will focus on measuring the rain drop size distribution during several episodes of precipitation. From the data matrix a simplified graph - color contour maps were drawn. The dynamics of the size of rain drops during a rain will be linked to the type of precipitation and global movement of air masses from withholding episode.
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Aerosol in indoor microenviroment of homes
Pařík, Radim ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
This literature review is composed of resources from Web of Science. The study deals with problematics of the indoor air pollution of homes. It is focused on the aerosol, especially PM2,5 particles, which present the biggest danger for human health. This work points out the analysis of indoor and outdoor emission sources, distribution of particles, levels of pollution in the different geografical, social and cultural regions and health effects of these particles. Key words: aerosol, homes, indoor environment, air quality, fine particles
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