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What is a connection between atmospheric aerosols, meteorological parameters and gaseous pollutants?
Slezáčková Zíková, Naděžda ; Ždímal, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee) ; Sedlák, Pavel (referee)
Title: What is the connection between atmospheric aerosols, meteorological pa- rameters and gaseous pollutants? Author: RNDr. Naděžda Slezáčková Zíková Department: Department of Meteorology and Environment Protection Supervisor: Ing. Vladimír Ždímal, Dr. Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fun- damentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i. Abstract: Five years of atmospheric aerosol (AA) measurements at rural back- ground station Košetice were compared with meteorological records and gaseous pollutants concentrations. The sampling and data analysis of AA data is de- scribed, and the statistical evaluation is done. The variability in the AA con- centrations is significant; the long-term measurements of AA, over the period at least several years, and the differentiation according to the season of the year are thus necessary. The clearly expressed annual cycle of AA concentrations is mainly influenced by two phenomena. From April to September, the total AA concentration cycle is driven mainly by the new particles formation events, from October to March, the concentrations are strongly influenced by particles coming from long-range transport and/or from the regional pollution. The relationship between AA and meteorological parameters, however, is not only season...
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Personal exposure to PM10 of selected workplaces in a coal strip mine determined by experiment
Basslerová, Barbora ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
This thesis compares the experimentally determinated values of PM1, PM2,5, respirable fraction and PM10 between the cab drivers and the outdoor walkway of the bucket wheel excavator in the brown coal strip mine Doly Nástup Tušimice between March 16 and March 23, 2015. For the measurement of individual fractions, portable laser nephelometers were used. Superiority of coarse aerosol was confirmed outside from the total measurement time accounted for 82 %. PM10 fraction predominated outside and changed throughout the day depending on the activity carried out by a worker. Regular cleaning by sweeping stretches of dunes had an impact on PM10 concentrations. Fluctuations in the concentration of PM1 were detected in the driver cab due to smokers stay at this workplace. For these reasons there is a concentration difference between work shifts. Air temperature and relative humidity were also monitored in both types of work places. The air temperature average values reached over the range recommended for the optimal working environment in the driver cab. The thesis finds out personal exposure of a bucket-wheel excavator driver which is below the limit for the total concentration. Smaller fractions appears to be a potentially health risk. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Safety aspects of nanoaerosols in the work environment
Skřehotová, Marcela ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
People have been exposed to aerosols since forever. However, the newly manufactured nanomaterials involve risks for those we are not ready. Although these are relatively new materials and technologies some of them have already demonstrated their serious health consequences. Therefore it is necessary to deal with the issues of human health protection from the unwilling effects. The present thesis summarizes selected safety aspects related to nanoaerosols exposure in the workplaces, which are currently the subject of attention. Thus the thesis presents the glossed results of author's previous professional work with reference to relevant publications.
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Air quality at school
Hromádka, Jiří ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
(EN) Thesis describes air quality in schools, its main factors of interest and according to the longitudinal study it suggests possible solutions for improvement. The study had been done in Kladská elementary school, Prague, Czech Republic, based on the findings obtained from the initial literature review. Although many scientific papers have been published mainly during last decade, there is a very limited amount of information concerning this issue within a longer timescale and a complex point of view is missing. The school environment was chosen because children are one of the groups at higher risk when adverse health effects caused by inadequate indoor air quality are evaluated. Aerosol particles and carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and relative humidity levels are important factors of interest in this case and all of them were included in the study. 8 measuring campaigns, each of them took 1 week, had been done throughout the whole school year. The main aim of these campaigns was monitoring and describing the variability of all selected factors during the day or year as well as between different classrooms. Average aerosol particles concentration (PM10) didn't exceed 70µg.m-3 during most of the campaigns and the pupil's activity was evaluated as the main influencing factor. The...
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Approaches to quantification of occult deposition of sulphur and nitrogen from fog and rime
Šrédlová, Kamila ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize available approaches for quantification of occult deposition of sulphur and nitrogen from fog and rime. Atmospheric deposition is a complex of processes by which pollutants are transferred from the air to the earth's surface and therefore it contributes to the atmosphere's self-cleaning. At the same time it represents an input of these pollutants to other components of the environment. Atmospheric deposition consists of dry deposition, which occurs in the absence of precipitation, and wet deposition, which occurs during precipitation. Wet deposition further consists of a vertical component (rain, snow, hail) and an occult component (fog, rime, hoarfrost). The common approach to quantifying total deposition nowadays is simply combining dry plus vertical wet deposition. But when applying this approach and neglecting occult deposition we are likely to substantially underestimate the true total deposition (e.g. Hůnová et al., 2011). This means we don't know the actual amount of pollutants transferred to the environment. The importance of occult deposition rises with increasing altitude (Lange et al., 2003). Occult precipitation also often contains higher concentrations of ions and stays longer in contact with the vegetation than vertical precipitation. There are...
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Droplet size evolution during rain event
Kim, Yong Min ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Braniš, Martin (referee)
This work will focus on measuring the rain drop size distribution during several episodes of precipitation. From the data matrix a simplified graph - color contour maps were drawn. The dynamics of the size of rain drops during a rain will be linked to the type of precipitation and global movement of air masses from withholding episode.
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Aerosol in indoor microenviroment of homes
Pařík, Radim ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
This literature review is composed of resources from Web of Science. The study deals with problematics of the indoor air pollution of homes. It is focused on the aerosol, especially PM2,5 particles, which present the biggest danger for human health. This work points out the analysis of indoor and outdoor emission sources, distribution of particles, levels of pollution in the different geografical, social and cultural regions and health effects of these particles. Key words: aerosol, homes, indoor environment, air quality, fine particles
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The effect of size, location and occupancy on air quality of classrooms
Stupková, Kateřina ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
This thesis is focused on investigation of size differentiated mass concentrations of aerosol in relation with size, location and occupancy of classrooms. The motivation to write this thesis was research of aerosol effects on human health. People in developed countries spend most of their time indoors thus indoor air quality affects their performance, well-being and health. The aerosol particles could be toxic, allergenic and carcinogenic. Higher concentration of particulate matter (PM) could affect performance and well-being of students during lessons. The aims of the study were examination of outdoor/indoor relation of PM according to classrooms locations and occupancy effect on the PM concentrations. Microclimatic and meteorological factors (e.g. temperature, humidity) were also assessed. Measurements were performed simultaneously in three size different classrooms in a building of Charles University in Prague (Benátská 2) and outside the building. The measurements were undertaken during one year, when each campaign contained 3 or 4 days of a month. The occupancy and changes in natural ventilation were monitored in each classroom during every campaign. Cascade impactors Sioutas were used for 24-hours PM collecting. The concentrations were determined gravimetrically. Concentrations of fine...
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Assessment of odour annoyance in Štětí
Mikšovská, Petra ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
This thesis solves the odour issue in the ambient air. Due to the rising of a standard of living, people are no longer tolerant to excessive odours in the environment. Subject of the research is a perception of odour by inhabitants of the town Štětí. Štětí belongs to areas facing odour annoyance of its inhabitants, where the main source is a paper mill Mondi Štětí a.s. The goal of this thesis is to find out if the inhabitants of the town percieve the odour annoyance coming from the paper mill as problematic and explore their opinion of the odour situation in the area with respect to a near past, wish to the future and frequency of annoyance. Next goal is to find out if there exist a relation between immission concentrations of odours typical for a paper mill industry (sulfane, TRS) and subjective assessment of odour intensity by enquired inhabitants, and also what effect have different factors affecting odour perception (age, sex, pregnancy, smoking, personal and family relationship to the paper mill and adaptation to odours) on this relation. Method chosen to get the answers is a repetitive questioning of the inhabitants. In years 2010-2011 there were 16 events on which were made personal interviews with the inhabitants of Štětí near the immission measuring stations in Štětí. Totally 538 people...
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