|
|
Atypical mycobacteria as causative agents of human diseases
Králíková, Lenka ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist on Laboratory Methods Author: Bc. Lenka Králíková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma: Atypical mycobacteria as causative agents of human diseases The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize the history of mycobacteria, their classification, epidemiology of nontuberculous infections, clinical significance, diagnosis, resistance, and treatment options. Within the epidemiology, the way of managing tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterioses is compared. Mycobacterioses are rare diseases, which incidence is gradually increasing with the increasing number of immunocompromised patients. Based on the spot of infection, we divide them into lymphadenitis, skin lesions, lung disease and disseminated infections. The most frequently isolated pathogens are Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium kansasii. The experimental part is devoted to the antimycobacterial activity of newly synthesized compounds, which could find application in the future in the treatment of tuberculosis and other mycobacterioses. Substance testing was performed on strains of the genus Mycobacterium...
|
|
|
Effectiveness of disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection against clinically important strains of enterococci
Malíková, Martina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in health care Candidate: Bc. Martina Malíková Thesis supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Irena Hanovcová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Effectiveness of disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection against clinically important strains of enterococci Alcohol-based hand disinfectants for hygienic hand disinfection are a key tool for the control of nosocomial infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of these products, which are used in healthcare facilities, against vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from clinical materials. Testing of the efficacy of disinfectants was performed according to the Czech technical standard ČSN EN 1040 - Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Quantitative test using suspension to determine the basic bactericidal effect of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Test method and requirements (phase 1). We used the dilution method with a neutraliser for our testing. There were used a total of 35 strains of enterococci to determine efficacy, 12 of which were vancomycin sensitive (four E. faecium strains and eight E. faecalis...
|
|
|
The role of microbiome in celiac disease
Tučková, Kateřina ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Subject of study: Healthcare bioanalytics Student: Kateřina Tučková Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title: The role of microbiome in celiac disease Background: Descriptions of the celiac disease problematics. Focus on the origin of the disease and its possible connection and role of the intestinal microbiome. Define the term microbiome and point out its possible role in human health. Finally, address the attention to possibilities in the treatment of celiac disease. Main findings: The role of the microbiome in celiac disease and other diseases is a frequently discussed topic. Patients with the celiac disease diagnosis depend on a lifelong gluten-free diet. The microbiome is highly specific to and is affected by many external stimuli, which can often be affected. Current studies point to a linkage between the microbiome and many diseases, including celiac disease. Conslusions: More knowledge is needed for the complex insight into the problematics of the relationship between celiac disease and the microbiome. In general, the microbiome composition has a much more significant impact on human lives than previously thought. Intestinal microbiome imbalance is related to celiac disease...
|
|
|
Septic states
Danielová, Edita ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Background: Septic states are serious conditions that endanger the patient's life. To prevent the patient's death, this condition must be diagnosed in time and appropriate treatment initiated. The aim of this work is to gather findings related to clinical and laboratory signs and diagnosis of sepsis, including recommended procedures, therapy and prevention of sepsis. Main findings: Septic states may have very different laboratory and clinical signs and criteria for the diagnosis are not yet clearly defined. Bacteria are one of the most common causes of septic states; sepsis requires immediate treatment. Bloodstream infections can be diagnosed in many ways, the basis is blood cultivation, but molecular methods have also been developed recently. Conclusions: Informations were found on the issue of septic states and their clinical and laboratory signs, diagnosis and the most common causes, diagnosis of bloodstream infections and recommended procedures in therapy and prevention. The research was mainly focused on laboratory signs of septic states and microbiological diagnosis of bloodstream infections. Keywords: sepsis, bloodstream infections, hemoculture
|
|
|
Susceptibility profile of biofilms of non-albicans Candida spp. to echinocandins
Pešková, Pavla ; Křivčíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Pavla Pešková Supervisor: Ing. Lucie Křivčíková Diploma Thesis: Susceptibility profile of biofilms of non-albicans Candida spp. to echinocandins Yeasts of the genus Candida are one of the most frequent human fungal pathogens. Infections caused by them are related to a specific form of growth - biofilm (BF), which has increased their resistance to antifungal treatment. Since bloodstream infections caused by non-albicans Candida species are increasing, it is important to focus on their susceptibility characteristics. The main aim of our experiment was to examine the susceptibility profiles of BF produced by rare non-albicans Candida species to echinocandins. We tested 3 species of the genus Candida - C. lusitaniae, C. guilliermondii and C. krusei and 3 different echinocandins - anidulafungin (AND), caspofungin (CAS) and micafungin (MFG). Echinocandins have unique mechanisms of action. They inhibit the function of the enzyme β-1,3-glucan synthase. Disruption of its function leads to inhibition of β-1,3-glucan production, damage of fungal cell wall and loss of viability of the cell. In experimental part we used YNB medium and RPMI 1640 medium to grow Candida species BF and...
|
|
|
Optimization of the method for sensitivity evaluation of biofilm-forming staphylococci against candidate antimicrobial compounds
Diepoltová, Adéla ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study program: Healthcare Bioanalytics Author: Bc. Adéla Diepoltová Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Optimization of the method for sensitivity evaluation of biofilm- forming staphylococci against candidate antimicrobial compounds Background: The aim of this thesis was to optimize approach for in vitro formation of staphylococcal biofilms on the pegs and on the wells of the 96-well panel as an analogous approach to commercially available Calgary Biofilm Device system. The aim of the Experiment 1 was to evaluate incubation conditions (such as impact of a growth medium, incubation mode, optical density of the starting bacterial inoculum and type of surface) leading to maximal biofilm formation of two biofilm producer strains with unknown biofilm phenotype and one staphylococcal strain known as strong biofilm producer. The most advisable conditions were used in incubation process of Experiment 2. This work should propose the approach leading to in vitro formation of the most voluminous staphylococcal biofilms exploitable for candidate drug antimicrobial activity testing. Methods: Spectrophotometric measurement of the crystal violet colour extracted from wells with fixed and stained Staphylococci to evaluate the ability to...
|
|
|
Advanced antibacterial activity testing of candidate newly synthesized compounds
Novotná, Simona ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Kučerová, Marta (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Author: Simona Novotná Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Advanced antibacterial activity testing of candidate newly synthesized compounds Background: The aim of this thesis was to perform an extended study of the antibacterial activity of selected newly synthesized rhodanine derivatives. In this study, activity against clinical isolates of bacterial strains of the genus Staphylococcus and Enterococcus was evaluated. The main part of the work also includes the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of one selected substance in combination with commercially available antibiotics using the checkerboard method. Methods: Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of tested substances was performed using the broth microdilution method according to EUCAST guidelines (with minor modifications). The activity of these substances was evaluated against clinical isolates of bacteria of the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus and one Staphylococcus aureus MRSA reference strain (ATCC 43300, CCM 4750). For a selected compound with a demonstrably promising antistaphylococcal effect, the combined effect of this substance was tested with three...
|
|
|
Phylogenetic diversity of culturable prokaryotes from hypersaline environments.
Straková, Dáša ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Candidate: Dáša Straková Title of diploma thesis: Phylogenetic diversity of culturable prokaryotes from hypersaline environments. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Biological and Medical Sciences University of Sevilla, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Study program: Pharmacy Hypersaline environments are widely distributed habitats characterized by elevated concentrations of salts, mainly represented by aquatic systems and hypersaline soils. Their study has enabled the isolation and characterization of a large number of halophilic microorganisms during the last decades, which are microorganisms that require a high concentration of salts in order to be capable of life and growth. The aim of this work was to continue the initial characterization of halophilic Archaea and Bacteria, previously isolated by Ana Durán-Viseras in 2016 from several water samples from Isla Cristina and Isla Bacuta solar salterns (Huelva, Spain) and from a hypersaline soil located in Odiel Saltmarshes (Huelva, Spain), and to carry out a biodiversity study of these samples. Ana Durán-Viseras started this project and I continued with it during my stay in Sevilla. As a part of the characterization, we sequenced the partial 16S rRNA gene of the isolated strains. For those that...
|
|
|
In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II
Comová, Kateřina ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Kateřina Comová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of novel potentially active antimycotic compounds II Key words: yeasts, fungi, antimycotics, resistance, microdilution broth metod, minimal inhibition concentration. The main focus of this thesis is on antifungal resistance and the mechanism of action of selected antifungal agents. The theoretical part of the thesis gives a general overview of the characteristics of microscopic fungi and the diseases they cause. Attention is also paid to antifungal agents that are commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections, as well as those that are currently at various stages of clinical trials. This ties in with the mechanism of action of these compounds, which is also described here. The theoretical part also summarizes the development and principles of antifungal resistance. The theoretical part concludes with the description of the methods used in the determination of in vitro susceptibility of fungal agents to antifungals. The practical part of the thesis describes the procedure of the quantitative broth microdilution method, which...
|
|
|
Growth and control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a multi-species biofilm
Hutlas, Andrej ; Kučerová, Marta (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Candidate: Andrej Hutlas Consultants: PharmDr. Marta Kučerová, Ph.D. (Charles); Prof. Jean-Yves Maillard (Cardiff); BSc. Katarzyna Ledwoch Ph.D. (Cardiff) Biofilms are a default mode of growth for most bacteria. Microbes encapsulate themselves within a matrix, composed mainly of extracellular polymeric substances. A biofilm can be composed by multiple species. Matrix environment induces various physiological shifts, such as switch to dormant state or expression of biofilm-specific genes. Mature biofilm's heterogeneous, due to differences in spatial microbe distribution and spatial nutrient utilization across the matrix. Matrix provides many advantages to bacteria, like nutrient capture and transfer or protection against extreme conditions. Washbasin U-bend multi-species biofilms were investigated with a special focus on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This opportunistic pathogen causes nosocomial infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients, with considerable health and socio-economic impacts. A link between sinks and environmental P. aeruginosa contamination has been established. Environmental decontamination may be an approach to lessen aforementioned...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.