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Screening of alkaloidal plants for antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity in vitro II.
Pšeničková, Jana ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Pšeničková, Jana. Screening of alkaloidal plants for antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity in vitro II. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. 57 pp. Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Keywords: cholinesterase inhibition activity, antioxidant activity, alkaloids, Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress Selected plant species of the families Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae and Ranunculaceae were tested in terms of this thesis. Alkaloid content was evaluated by a thin-layer chromatography (TLC); ethanol and alkaloid extracts were tested for their cholinesterase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity. All of the studied species were tested for the cholinesterase inhibition activity by the Ellman's spectrophotometric method using the 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. The activity of extracts was compared with IC50 values of common inhibitors of cholinesterases: galanthamine (IC50 HuAChE = 2.59 ± 0.065 μg/ml, HuBuChE = 58.02 ± 1,30 μg/ml), and huperzine A (IC50 HuAChE = 0.061 ± 0.001 μg/ml, HuBuChE 1000 μg/ml). The highest cholinesterase inhibitory activity from the tested specimen showed ethanol extract from the aerial part of Glaucium corniculatum (IC50 AChE = 0,39 µg/ml, IC50 BuChE = 4,27 µg/ml). The species...
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Biological activity of macromycetes I.
Vyletelka, Juraj ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Vyletelka, Juraj. Biological activity of macromycetes I. Master Thesis 2012. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, PhD. Key words: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaloids, antioxidant activity, DPPH, ABTS, total phenolics. Macromycetes are the source of bioactive substances that still have not been completely researched. Many of them are used in treatment and they are the object of a growing interest. This work focuses on the measurement of biological activity of 25 ethanolic extracts prepared from various mushroom species. Ellman's spectrophotometric method was used to determine the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The aim of the thin layer chromatography was to detect alkaloids. This work also deals with the determination of antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays modified for use with sequential injection analysis. The content of total phenolic compounds in extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocaulteu method. Following the results of the presented methods, one may state that the extracts did not exhibit any significant inhibitory activity towards human cholinesterases....
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Chelation of ferrous and ferric ions by flavonoids
Stonawská, Michaela ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
11. Abstract Stonawská, M. Chelation of ferrous and ferric ions by flavonoids. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 58 pp. The iron is a very important element for human organism. It participates in a cellular respiration, redox reactions and it is used for the synthesis of blood and muscle pigments. Disorders of iron metabolism are manifested by deficiency or surplus. The iron overloaded human body has insufficient mechanism for iron excretion - the iron is accumulated in the cells and mediates the creation of oxygen radicals, that cause lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. The iron surplus is treated with iron chelators, which are substances forming a complex with iron, which is excreted. The most commonly used chelator is deferoxamine, but it has many disadvantages. For these reasons, we are looking for new iron-chelating structures, which will be able to be administered orally. Flavonoids are plant polyphenols. From the chemical point of view they are glycosidically linked derivatives of phenylchroman. They have antioxidant effects - they interact with free radicals and chelate some metal ions. In this study, we focused on research of chelating activity of flavonoids quercetin, rutin, epicatechin, hesperetin, hesperidin and apigenin. For comparison, we used the standard...
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Biologically active metabolites of plants. 4. Alkaloids from Eschscholtzia californica CHAM. and their biological activity.
Bednaříková, Lucia ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Bednaříková L.: Biologically active metabolites of plants 4. Alkaloids from Eschscholtzia californica CHAM. and their biological activity. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2011. Diploma thesis. 65 p. The aim of the diploma thesis was to process the pool of quaternary alkaloids from Eschscholtzia californica CHAM. (Papaveraceae). By means of column chromatography two alkaloids were isolated and subsequently subjected to structural analysis (MS and NMR studies). The first substance was identified as a tertiary alkaloid allocryptopine, the second one was a quaternary base californidine. Both alkaloids have previously been isolated from E. californica. Both substances were tested for their inhibitory activity against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (HuBuChE). The measured values for allocryptopine were IC50 (HuAChE) = 250 ± 22,2 μM and IC50 (HuBuChE) = 530 ± 28,2 μM. Californidine's values were IC50 (HuAChE) = 36,7 ± 0,9 μM and IC50 (HuBuChE) >1000 μM. Galanthamine (IC50 (HuAChE) = 6,9 ± 0,3 μM, IC50 (HuBuChE) = 156 ± 6,9 μM) and huperzine A (IC50 (HuAChE) = 0,25 ± 0,01 μM, IC50 (HuBuChE) >1000 μM) were used as positive controls. In comparison to...
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Spectrophotometric assessment of iron chelation at different pH
Šulcová, Monika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Monika Šulcová Supervisor: PharmDr. Přemysl Mladěnka PhD. Title of Thesis: Spectrophotometric assessment of iron chelation at different pH Iron is an essential element for living cells. Dangerous for the organism can be its lack and abundance as well. Therefore, its level must be meticulously regulated. The most common cause of iron overload is the excess supply. The iron overload is mainly brought about frequent use of transfusion or hematologic diseases. Iron toxicity is based on the ability to catalyze the formation of free radicals that modify cellular macromolecules and cause tissue damage. The use of iron chelators is therefore a rational therapy of iron overload conditions. Iron chelators are molecules with different structures sparing the ability of iron binding, which results in iron elimination from the organism and prevent iron accumulation in tissues. It is mainly used for intoxication, but some of them are also used in other indications. Attention is paid to the chemotherapy and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. There are many methods for determination of iron levels. Ferrozine method can be successfully used for the assessment of ferrous ions chelation....
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Biological activity of plants metabolites.XVII.Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.WANG.
Cipra, Gabriella ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Gabriella Cipra Consultant: Assoc. Prof. RNDr. Lubomir Opletal, CSc. Title of Thesis: Biological activity of plant metabolites XVII. Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang In the process of screening for plants containing alkaloids potentially inhibiting human erythrocytic AChE and human BuChE, Corydalis yanhusuo was studied. 10.8 kg of dried tuber was percolated with 120 liters of 95% ethanol. From the primary extract, extracts with individual types of alkaloids were prepared. In this diploma thesis only one extract was processed (extract type A-ether, pH 9.7). Alkaloids from this extract were separated into bases which chlorides were either soluble or insoluble in chloroform. From each of the above mentioned fractions phenolic and non- phenolic alkaloids were obtained. Alkaloids were separated from extract of non-phenolic chlorides soluble in chloroform. From this mixture (+)-corydaline (labeled GC-1) was isolated by the use of column chromatography on alumina and preparative TLC on silica gel. This compound was preliminary identified according to data of MS spectra, NMR spectra, and optical rotation and by comparison with literature data. The biological activity of...
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Alkaloids of plants from family Amaryllidaceae and their biological activiy (1960-2010)
Buková, Vladimíra ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Buková, V. Alkaloids of plants from family Amaryllidaceae and their biological activity (1960-2010). Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 77 pp. The Amaryllidaceae family includes many species with important biological effects. This thesis is concerned with alkaloids of this family, their chemical structure, occurrence in particular species. Main goal of this thesis is to introduce their biological effects. The most important alkaloid of this family - galanthamin - acts as ecetylcholinesterase inhibitor and it is utilized for treating of the Alzheimer disease. The inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase has been described also at lycorin, 1-O-acetyllycorin, ungerenin, deoxylycorenin, montanin, hamayn and sanguinin. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have also strong anticancer effects; an activity has been proved especially at alkaloids lycorin, pseudolycorin, pancratistatin, narciclasin, crinamin, heamanthamin, and others. From other important effects, it is necessary to mention antiprotosoal, antivirotic, antitrypanosomal, antibacterial, antiphlogistic, and antifungal activities.
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Biological activity of macromycetes - A
Zvonková, Lenka ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Zvonková, L. Biological activity of macromycetes - A. Charles University in Pragu, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 96 pp. Key words: mushrooms, compounds, free radicals, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), antioxidant activity, sequential injection analysis (SIA) Fourteen different mushrooms taxons (orders − Boletales, Pezizales, Polyporales and Russulales) were examined in this diploma thesis. Lyophiziled extracts were prepared under the precise set of conditions from the fruiting bodies and consequently used for recognition of compounds groups and for antioxidant activity detection. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for the determination of compounds groups. This TLC process proceeded in ascending development in pre-saturated chambers. From TLC results it was detected that tested mushrooms extracts contained especially amino-acids, saccharides, carboxylic acids, phenolic substances, sterols, which corresponds with the available literature. Alkaloids were also detected, especially in Leccinum griseum (Quél.) Singer extract. Antioxidant activity was set using sequential injection analysis method (SIA), which is based on DPPH radical bleaching. This method is very suitable, due to its rapidness and sensitivity, for evaluation of multiplicity routine antioxidant activity screenings. The...
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Influence of enzymatic activity induced by copper and cadmium in aquatic plant Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.
Mikšová, Martina ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis concerns with the effects of heavy metals on plants and is a part of a broader research on biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic plants in the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany of Faculty of Pharmacy in the University of Limoges. Experimental organism was an aquatic plant Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC (alternate water milfoil) that was collected in the upper stream of the river Vienna. Samples were cultivated in the increasing concentrations of copper and cadmium (0mM, 0,25mM, 0,5mM, 0,75mM) for 1, 3 and 6 days. On account of time and chemical products insufficiency only several analyses of plants treated with copper were carried out. Catalase is one of the enzymes integrated in the antioxidative defence system. It decomposes H2O2 into water. During the time catalase activity gradually increased up to 0,5mM. 0,75mM showed the maximum after the third day. When comparing different copper concentrations after the same cultivation period the highest activity was observed in 0,25mM in the first day and in 0,50mM the third and sixth day. Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC as other aquatic plants exhibits the heavy metal accumulation ability increasing in time and higher copper concentrations. On the contrary, decreasing time and concentration dependence was observable in measurements of...
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Description and metabolites of pharmaceutical and toxicological important plants I.
Homolová, Lucie ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
VIII. ABSTRACT HOMOLOVÁ Lucie, Description and metabolites of pharmaceutically and toxicologically important plants, Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2008, 90 pp. In this thesis 31 pharmaceutically and toxicologically important or interesting plants are described. The work is focused especially on metabolites and use of these plants - therapeutical, folk and tradicional medicine, in some cases also in food-processing industry. Prahmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial monographs and dosage are also listed. For this thesis plants which are used in folk medicine even though the contents of substances does not conform to it were chosen. Other recorded plants were primarily used for some particular reasons but now some other important substances are extracted from them. Also plants that are toxic and can not be recommended for treating diseases but are still used in folk medicine are described. In the end the actual utilization and benefits of each plant are evaluated. Key words:
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