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Energy use of waste
Lachman, Jakub ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis deals with the Waste-to-Energy topic. The first part evaluates municipal solid waste (MSW) as fuel, analyzes the influence of its indiviual fractions on the overal properties, mainly the lower heating value, compares MSW with other conventional solid fuels which are thermally used. The second part of the thesis deals with Waste-to-Energy technologies. It is divided into three parts: combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Each contains both the description of the process itself as well as the description of the applied technology. The last chapter contains some of the negative impacts of Waste-to-Energy technologies and a list of measures used to deal with them.
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Effect of sample treatment on biofuel characteristics
Zlevorová, Tereza ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Lisá, Hana (advisor)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is experimental solution of the problem focused on the effect of sample treatment on bioful characteristics. The theoretical introduction includes biofuel classification, explanation of each biofuels‘ trait and description of methods used to their determination. It continues with sample preparation with broader focus on milling. The following experimental part examines basic traits of four materials before and after milling on high-speed rotor mill using multiple sieves of varying fineness. The traits were determined using normalised methods. For determination of moisture had been selected gravimetric method. In this thesis, there is described every procedure and following calculations. The results are stated in tables and processed in graphs.
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Design of heat source for heating a family house
Kotráš, Pavel ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is a proposal of a heat source for a specific house. The first part is a research of different heating technology. In the second part there is a shortlisting of heat sources for this specific house and then calculating of costs for the selected heating sources. These costs are calculated from heat losses of the object. After the economic comparison one source is selected, from which costs of heating are calculated with three versions of possible insulation of this house.
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Dry flue gas loss of fireplace stove reduction
Vodvárka, Petr ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the reduction of chimney heat loss of a fireplace stove with waste heat recovery. The results are the design of a functional heat exchanger and the calculation of the heat output. The heat exchanger must be designed for specific fireplace stove existing in a real living room and with realistic parameters. Technical documentation of the fireplace stove and a drawing of the heat exchanger are included in this thesis. Calculations of the reduction of chimney heat loss using the heat exchanger on a chimney are included in the conclusions. The advantages and disadvantages provided by using the heat exchanger are discussed.
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Grate RDF Boiler
Lachman, Jakub ; Šilhavý, Karel (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The master’s thesis deals with the design of a boiler for RDF combustion, based on the required power output and superheated steam parameters. The first part of the thesis focuses on combustion calculations. Boiler efficiency is also calculated in this chapter, using the heat balance efficiency method. The main part of the thesis consists of dimensional design and heat transfer calculations. The precision of the calculations is checked at the end of the thesis along with the chlorine corrosion, which is considered because of the higher amount of chlorine in the fuel. The thesis comes with a basic schematic of the designed boiler.
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Refuse Derived Fuel
Exnerová, Anežka ; Kalivodová, Markéta (referee) ; Lachman, Jakub (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the Waste-to-Energy topic focusing on refuse derived fuels. The aim of the first part is to describe what refuse derived fuels are, what are their properties and composition. From this point of view, we determine a comparison with municipal solid waste. Second part is about production process. Possible parameters of refuse derived fuels and the technological process of mechanical-biological treatment are presented here. Following part is focused on fuel combustion. This chapter lists combustion plants and emissions from the incineration of waste and refuse derived fuel.
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Methods of Determination of Moisture Content
Bezdíček, Jiří ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Lisá, Hana (advisor)
With the growing interest in the energy use of biomass in the form of solid biofuels, the requirements for determining the moisture content of these fuels are also growing. Moisture is an important factor not only in the production of biofuels, where the moisture values must be ideal, eg in the production of pellets, but also in storage and other processes. The aim of the work was to determine the suitability of methods for determining moisture for various types of solid biofuels. The main subject of interest was fuels with grain structure. A search of the basic distribution of fuels and introduced and new methods for determining moisture was performed. The research was focused on oven drying methods. The result is the determination of the unsuitability of the method of drying scales for fuels with grain structure, the suitability of all investigated methods for wood fuels, the accuracy of the reference method for most fuels and the susceptibility of the analytical method to the homogeneity of the test portion.
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Fast pyrolysis reactors
Fencl, Jonáš ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Elbl, Patrik (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is a description of a fast pyrolysis process, its products and technologies based on the principle of fast pyrolysis using biomass as a fuel. In the first part of the thesis biomass and its energetical usage is described. The second part focuses on a charachteristics and history of pyrolysis. The third part describes fast pyrolysis process, convertion to bio-oil and important process parameters to obtain maximum liquid yield. Furthermore, single components obtained from the fast pyrolysis process and their usage is described. The fourth part describes types of fast pyrolysis reactors, their advantages and disadvantages. At last, the largest pyrolysis units operating in practice are described.
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