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The neoclassical composition in modern Spanish
Navrátil, Cyril ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
Cyril Navrátil FF UK Universita Karlova Románská studia - NMgr. Hispanistika 2013/2014 Abstract The purpose of this essay is to study neoclassical composition. The denomination of this method of word-formation already caused disagreements among the linguists. Many authors name it prefixation (affixation), while others believe that it is a special type of composition, whose components (or at least one of them) take their origins from Latin or Greek. Even though the majority of the Spanish lexicon comes from these languages (mainly from Latin), this type of composition follows some particular rules. In this essay, we do not intend to say who is right and who is wrong, but to demonstrate the current situation of the neoclassical composition in modern Spanish, using the corpus. Nevertheless, it is not possible to completely ignore the different points of view of these authors, who are acclaimed in the academic world. Therefore we decided to divide this study in a theoretic part and a practical one. In the theoretic part, we will recapitulate the terminology used and we will try and choose the most convenient definition for this method. In the practical part, we will see twenty examples of Greco-Latin elements: auto, cida/cidio, cracia/crata (arca/arquía), cripto, crono, eco, euro, filo/filia, foto, narco, neo,...
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Arabisms in Contemporary Spanish
Bělehrádková, Kateřina ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to describe the Arabic influence on contemporary Spanish. It consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on the historical and sociolinguistic context of the occurrence of the Arabisms in Spanish, types of loanwords in Spanish, division and description of Arabisms from the phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexicological, semantic and phraseological point of view and their use and potential disappearance. The practical part consists of a corpus study carried out using the newest Spanish corpus CORPES XXI, concerned with the frequency of the occurrence of the Arabisms beginning with al- in the contemporary Spanish and their semantic classification. Key words: Spanish - Arabic - loanword - lexicology - corpus
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Function of verb paradigms of "hablara" a "hablase" in Present-Day Spanish
Rýdlová, Lenka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This theses is dedicated to the use of the verbal paradigms hablara and hablase in contemporary Spanish. We demonstrate that due to historical reasons the usage of paradigm hablara is much wider than that of hablase, which can be used only in the subjunctive meaning. According to the valid linguistic norm, the paradigm hablara (and not hablase) can be used instead of the Past Perfect (although it is not recommended). The same is evidenced with the conditional tense of the modal verbs querer, deber and poder as well as with the main clause of the unreal conditional clauses in the present tense. This means that these two verb paradigms can be arbitralily substituted only when used in the subjunctive function. On the basis of our own frecuency analysis of twenty most used Spanish verbs in the language corpus CREA, we prove that the frecuency of the hablase on average 18% in Spain and 10% in Latin America. Our analysis of this corpus material does not confirm the statement of some linguists that the frecuency of -se form is generally slightly higher in negative sentences. However, our analysis of a parallel corpus InterCorp seems to indicate that it is higher (by 7%) after the conditional conjunction ‚si'.
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The mutual influence of Romani, Spanish and the other languages of the Iberian Peninsula.
Krinková, Zuzana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Elšík, Viktor (referee) ; Buzek, Ivo (referee)
The language contact of the inflectional Romani and Spanish, Catalan and other languages of the Iberian Peninsula began in the first half of the 15th century. A long- term and immediate contact between Romani and a language of the majority in several places of Europe resulted in emergence of so called Para-Romani varieties, mixed languages which predominantly make use of the grammar of the surrounding language, whereas the Romani-derived vocabulary is at least partly retained. In the Iberian Peninsula several Para-Romani varieties emerged. The process of their phonological, morphological and lexical evolution from the inflectional Iberian Romani is described in the first part of this thesis. The original form of the Iberian Romani of the 15th century was - according to our opinion - similar to so called early Romani of the Byzantine period that is supposed to end by the 14th century when the Romani language started to disperse throughout Europe. The influence of Spanish (and other languages of the Iberian Peninsula) is evident not only in the morphology and syntax, but also in phonology and semantics of the Iberian Para-Romani varieties. On the other hand, the Romani elements conserved in these varieties show archaic features as well as specific innovations and many of them can hardly be assigned...
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Basic features of Spanish spoken in Andalusia
Chybíková, Zuzana ; Mištinová, Anna (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This Bachelor's thesis deals with the definition of the main features of Andalusian Spanish, which we found in the phonetic, phonological, lexical and grammatical planes. In the introduction the important historical information explains the origins of Spanish in Andalusia. The longest section is devoted to the question of whether Andalusian Spanish is a language, a dialect, variation or even multiple variations of Spanish. This section is based on a comparison of the views of leading experts on Andalusian Spanish and is accompanied by some personal observations. This work attempts to dispel many prejudices and errors which distort the view of Andalusian Spanish. Key words: Spanish, Andalusian Spanish, linguistic planes, dialect, Spanish regional variations
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