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Dietary interventions in liver disease
Holcová, Zuzana ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
Master thesis summarizes latest knowledge in the field of special nutrition for patients with liver condition. Theoretical chapters describe liver physiology and etiology of selected liver diseases e.g. hepatitis, cirrhosis, chemical-driven liver damage. Given the fact the main cause of chronic liver disease is globally considered alcohol, a special chapter is dedicated to this topic which describes pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on hepatocytes and other non-parenchymal liver cells. The thesis provides a comprehensive view on the issue of malnutrition and nutrition recommendations in specific liver disease. Practical part of the thesis involved complex questioning of healthcare providers - doctors and nurses - from selected hospital and presents overview of healthcare providers knowledge regarding latest nutrition recommendations in specific liver disease. Key words: liver damage, malnutrition, alcohol, nutrition, diet, cirrhosis, liver physiology
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Nutritional problems in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic cells
Michková, Petra ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Introduction: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a serious medical complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HSCT). It causes immunodeficiency and several organ damage and decreases survival time at two years after a transplantation. A nutritional intervention should be applied just before the transplantation, because a nutritional status significantly influences the post-transplant complications. A risk of malnutrition or metabolic syndrome can be assessed by several markers. A combination of laboratory, anthropometric, biometric and physical data is suitable for this purpose. In addition, a subjective questionnaire regarding eating habits and physical activity of the patients can be used. Objectives: This thesis deals with the patients with chronic GVHD (cGVHD) following the allo HSCT. The objective was to describe a nutritional status of the patients, to find out in which way a long-term immunosuppressive treatment affects a body composition and to describe the eating habits and the physical activity of these patients. Methods: 31 patients with GVHD and 24 patients after allo HSCT without GVHD participated in the research. A body composition (using bioelectrical impedance) and selected laboratory parameters in patients were assessed. A subjective health...
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Nutrition in thermic injury
Zemanová, Markéta ; Zajíček, Robert (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Výživa u termických úrazů [Nutrition in Thermic Injury]. Bc. ZEMANOVÁ, Markéta, DiS. Praha, 2017. Počet stránek 84, 2. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, 1.lékařská fakulta Obor: Nutriční specialista Vedoucí práce MUDr. Robert Zajíček, Ph.d Abstract Aim of the thesis is summarizing current knowledge about clinical nutrition of patients with severe thermal injuries. Special emphasis is given to specifics of pediatric patients, who in many aspects react differently. The introduction focuses on history of burn medicine including nutrition, classification of burn injuries, prehospital care and role of individual members of the therapeutical multidisciplinary team logically centring on role of the dietitian. Extreme hypermetabolism, persisting a year or longer after the insult, influences nutritional recommendations including energy, macronutrients (protein, fats and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (minerals, vitamins and trace elements). Mode of administration is influenced as well. Specific facts are shown how these characteristics are reflected in daily dietetic therapy at the Clinic of Burn Medicine of the Prague Vinohrady Faculty Hospital (FNKV). In the investigative part we compare two groups of adult patients with extensive burn injuries. Inclusion criteria were age of 18-65 years, extent of...
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The effectiveness of dietary supplements for athletes
Papanikolaou, Stefan ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
This thesis is dealing with a handful of supplements for athletes. To make the selection as useful as possible, I basically chose the supplements according to their representation in a few sport centers. On these foundations, I made the decision which supplements to research. Then I created system-reviews for each of the supplements using PubMed. The next step was to find out the real efficiency of these supplements. The aim of the conclusion was to say if each of the supplements is useful and for whom. Most of the supplements shown to be beneficial, though some of them in different ways than sometimes expected. An often issue may be that the supplements are useful only for specific use - for specific athletes, or under specific conditions. This thesis is more of a review essay, but in the end, there is a simple tutorial. keywords: active ingredients, sport, sport performance, sport supplements, supplement
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