|
|
Epidemiological and immunological aspects of HPV etiology of head and neck cancers
Maléřová, Simona ; Klozar, Jan (advisor) ; Salzman, Richard (referee) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee)
The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) -associated oropharyngeal tumors is steadily increasing therefore, information about the prevalence of oral HPV and its risk factors is very important for future screening and early diagnosis of the disease. This thesis addresses three topics. The first topic is to evaluate the prevalence of oral HPV in a healthy population and to investigate risk factors for oral HPV infection, given that these data are almost completely absent in Central Europe. A statistically significantly higher rate of positivity (8.8%) of oral HPV infection was found in the group of older unvaccinated probands than in younger partially vaccinated volunteers (2.0%). The seropositivity rate of anamnestic HPV antibodies was comparable in both groups. None of the analyzed risk factors were significantly associated with oral HPV positivity. The second topic of the thesis is the dynamics of HPV specific antibodies in patients with head and neck cancer and their prognostic significance. In patients with cervical cancer, a decrease in HPV E6 / E7-specific antibodies is associated with a better prognosis. Another goal of the dissertation was to assess the importance of anamnestic antibodies and antibodies against oncoproteins E6 and E7 in long-term follow-up 2-14 years after the end of...
|
|
|
Diagnostic morphological features of PDGFRA-mutated gastrointestinal
Daum, Ondřej ; Hes, Ondřej (advisor) ; Mandys, Václav (referee) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee)
Daum O., Grossmann P., Vanecek T., Sima R., Mukensnabl P., Michal M. (2006): Diagnostic morphological features of PDGFRA-mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Molecular genetic and histological analysis of 60 cases of gastric GISTs. Ann. Diagn. Pathol. In Press Summary In this study, 60 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) of the stomach were analyzed to elucidate the possible relation of their morphology to mutation status of KIT and PDGFRA genes. The patients included 27 men and 33 women with a mean age of 63,8 years (range 12 to 92). Only one tumor occurred before the age of 21 years. KIT mutations were detected in 31 cases (51,7%), PDGFRA mutations in 22 cases (36,7%), and seven cases (11,7%) were KIT and PDGFRA wild type. When the mutation status was correlated with histological features of the tumors, epithelioid or mixed epithelioid/spindle cell pattern and mast cell infiltration were found as the most reliable signs of PDGFRA mutation. Neoplastic rhabdoid cells and multinucleated giant cells, also previously reported as features of PDGFRA mutated GISTs, seemed to be less specific but still helpful markers in our study. Finally, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and myxoid stroma do not seem to be valuable histological signs. Daum O., Klecka J., Ferda J., Treska V., Vanecek T., Sima R., Mukensnabl...
|
|
|
Clinicopathological aspects and differential diagnostics of Lynch syndrome
Dušek, Martin ; Daum, Ondřej (advisor) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee) ; Šíma, Radek (referee)
Lynch syndrome (LS), formerly known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a familial cancer syndrome with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Its genetic basis is most commonly a germline mutation in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes, that are responsible for correction of errors ocurring during DNA replication. Dysfunction of this repairing system leads to the formation and progression of tumors, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). According to the literature LS represents 3-5 % of all CRC. Additional extracolonic tumors associated with LS include endometrium, ovary, stomach, small bowel, pancreas, hepatobiliary tract, upper uroepithelial tract, brain and cutaneous sebaceous tumors. Early age of onset is a typical feature of LS-associated tumors, in comparison with general population. Malignancy is often the first manifestation, therefore the LS diagnosis is important not only for the individual patient and his next management, but also for his family members. An exception is represented by the formation of cutaneous sebaceous tumors prior to internal malignancy in one of LS phenotypic variant, called Muir-Torre syndrome. Properly selected screening methods can prevent the formation of malignant tumors by early detection of their premalignant lesions, or at least early...
|
|
|
Significance of HNF-1B in different types of carcinomas and non-neoplastic lesions of the female genital system at the level of protein expression, epigenetic and genetic changes
Němejcová, Kristýna ; Dundr, Pavel (advisor) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee) ; Nenutil, Rudolf (referee)
Introduction HNF-1β is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the ontogenesis, regulates expression of multiple genes involved in cell cycle modulation and seems to be involved in cancerogenesis of various tumors. HNF-1β protein is coded by the HNF1B gene. Genetic and epigenetic changes of HNF1B play role in tumorigenesis and these changes can be accompanied by loss of expression or increased protein expression as detected by immunohistochemistry. In gynecopathology, expression of HNF-1β was considered as specific marker of clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium. However, more recent studies described HNF-1β expression also in tumors of other histogenesis. Aims: Our study focused on the immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of HNF1B in the normal tissue, various types of tumors and non-neoplastic lesions of the female genital tract. The goals of our study were: 1. Analysis of HNF-1β expression in cervical carcinomas. 2 Analysis of HNF-1β expression in endometrial carcinomas and non-neoplastic tissues of the female genital tract. 3. Analysis of epigenetic and genetic changes of HNF1B in endometrioid carcinomas and ovarian clear cell carcinomas. 4. Comprehensive analysis of atypical polypoid adenomyomas. Material and methods: A total of 574 samples including 399...
|
|
|
The role of human papillomavirus in the etiology and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx
Rotnáglová, Eliška ; Klozar, Jan (advisor) ; Šlapák, Ivo (referee) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee)
Tonsillar cancer (TC) presents an important part of head and neck cancers and its incidence is rising in the Czech Republic. Cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse are risk factors responsible for approximately two thirds of all head and neck cancers. Furthermore, a role of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an independent risk factor has been demonstrated recently. The aims of the present study were to find demographical differences between the group of HPV-positive and negative patients, to determine the prevalence of HPV in TC of Czech patients and also to find out whether the virus in HPV DNA positive tumors is transcriptionally active. Another aim was to test different markers of HPV infection for a precise selection of patients with HPV associated disease and to determine the prognostic role of these markers. A set of 109 patients with primary TC was examined for HPV DNA presence in tumor tissue and for the presence of HPV specific antibodies in serum. Data regarding risk factors were obtained by questionnaires. Forty-five samples were available for E6 and E2 mRNA analysis and for immunohistochemical analysis of p16 and p53 expression. The overall prevalence of HPV DNA in TC was 65%. In 93% of HPV16 DNA positive samples the virus was transcriptionally active. The E2 expression status has shown that in...
|
|
|
Environmental grief as a pastoral care issue
Dlabová, Kateřina ; Zámečník, Jan (advisor) ; Landová, Tabita (referee)
The diploma thesis with the topic "Environmental grief as a pastoral topic" deals with a specific grief, which is a personal reaction of man to the changes brought by current climate change. It deals with its causes, manifestations and describes it as a new phenomenon that can be included among the pastoral themes of today. Keywords meaning of creation, grief, anthropocene, pastoral care
|
|
|
Optical design of telecentric F-theta objective
Perháč, Timotej ; Zámečník, Jan (referee) ; Antoš, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with optical design of f-theta lens for purposes of precision micromachining using a laser beam. Optical design consists of creating a nominal design according to specifications given by Meopta – optika s.r.o company and a tolerance analysis, which describes manufacturability of given design. Specifications given are most importantly diffraction limited image quality, correction of distortion throughout the field and telecentricity of systém in image space. F-theta lens in this thesis was created using an optical design software called Zemax.
|
|
|
The Contribution of Schweitzer's Thoughts in Humanitarian and Development Aid
Kowalová, Lenka ; Širka, Zdenko (advisor) ; Zámečník, Jan (referee)
The title of this thesis is "The Contribution of Schweitzer's Thoughts in Humanitarian and Development Aid". The main aim of the thesis is to present the contribution of Schweitzer's ideas that are valuable for the area of humanitarian and development aid. The concrete examples of aid in Ethiopia provided by humanitarian organizations today show the practical impact of Schweitzer's ideas. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes a life and work of Albert Schweitzer. In the second chapter, attention is drawn to his ethical concept of reverence for life. The following chapter entitled Humanitarian and Development Aid in Ethiopia is divided into three smaller chapters. In the first one, the terms of humanitarian and development aid are defined. In the second one, the country of Ethiopia is described and its living conditions. This chapter is followed by the last section which presents the humanitarian organizations operating in Ethiopia and their work there. The biggest organization is People in Need, the next two are organizations with spiritual impact, the Endowment Fund Nehemia and the Exodus Association. I have chosen the aspect of spiritual impact because Albert Schweitzer was a Christian and his belief influenced his decision-making and work throughout his life. The...
|
|
|
Apple dormant bud cryopreservation: Methodology
Bilavčík, Alois ; Faltus, Miloš ; Zámečník, Jiří
In the Czech Republic, ex situ and in vitro conservation is used for apple tree germplasm conservation. In relation to the strategy of maintenance of broad genetic potential of apple tree, there is a necessity to preserve genotypes by storage at ultralow temperatures – cryoconservation. Based on broad spectrum of apple cultivars, an optimised dormant bud cryopreservation protocol was developed. The developed cryoprotocol enables to establish a safe backup storage system for ex situ and in vitro collections of apple tree germplasm. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic is the user of this methodology and it will utilize it in the framework of “National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant, Animal and Microbial Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture”.
Fulltext:  PDF
|
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.