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The influence of spinal anesthesia on the degree of DNA damage
Koščáková, Mária ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Background: The human organism is exposed daily to many endogenous and exogenous substances that are the source of oxidative damage. Cell structures, including DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in the nucleus are damaged due to high concentrations of these substances and accumulation of oxidative stress in cells. The predominance of these damaging processes may later be responsible for human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases or heart failure. In our study, we observed oxidative damage at the DNA level due to spinal anesthesia. Methods: Sample processing was performed by comet analysis. The principle consists in fixation of cells (lymphocytes) in the agarose gel, lysis of cell structures for nucleotide release, incubation with specific enzymes and exposure to electrophoresis. Damaged, negatively charged parts of the DNA in the electric field are directed to the positive charged anode, creating a typical comet shape. For visualization, the gels were stained with ethidium bromide (DNA intercalating dye). Results: We have quantified single-strand breaks, oxidized purines and pyrimidines (use of enzymes to detect specific damages). The results are reported in percentage of DNA in the comet's tail. The principle is to compare the intensity of the comet's tail with the total comet intensity....
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The effect of natural cosmetics on change the mechanical properties of the skin
Palátová, Jana ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Klemera, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of biophysics and physical chemistry Candidate: Bc. Jana Palátová Supervisor: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: The effect of natural cosmetics on chase the mechanical properties of the skin This thesis in theoretical part deals with the structure of skin, its biochemistry and functions. Discusses the changes that the skin undergoes during development and aging. It describes the mechanical properties of the skin and the discipline that deals with these characteristics. The practical part deals with the measurement of mechanical parameters of human skin after application of a natural cream. The trial involved a total of ten women were about the same age. Measurements were performed on a dynamic elastomers being developed at the Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Charles University in Hradec Kralove. The investigated parameters were Hooke and Newton factor. Hooke's coefficient indicates the elasticity of the skin, Newton coefficient of its viscosity. The results show that the test cream affected as skin elasticity, and its viscosity. In 90 % of the test persons there was a significant increase in the values of the Hooke and Newton coefficient and the resulting effect...
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Radiolabeling of ramucirumab followed with the study of its internalization in vitro
Gajdoš, Jakub ; Bárta, Pavel (advisor) ; Kuchařová, Monika (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Student: Bc. Jakub Gajdoš Supervisor: Mgr. Pavel Bárta, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Radiolabeling of ramucirumab followed with the study of its internalization in vitro. The process of angiogenesis ensures the formation of the bloodstream at the site of its increased need. Therefore, it is not surprising that angiogenesis is often included in the tumor production process, because it provides the tumor cells nutrition supply and metabolite removal. The targeting of angiogenesis has become a key topic of some scientific research. The process of tumor blood supply formation provides a family of vascular endothelial factors (VEGFs) and their respective receptors, which have become the target of the angiogenesis attenuation in a cancer treatment. One of many therapeutics is the monoclonal antibody ramucirumab targeted against VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR-2). Radioactive labeling of ramucirumab with a suitable radionuclide could bring benefits in either radiotherapy or radiodiagnostics. The aim of this diploma thesis was the indirect radioactive labeling of monoclonal antibody ramucirumab using 99m Tc as radiodiagnostic nuclide via the chelation agent succinimidyl-6-...
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Influence of preload on change of mechanical properties of the aortic walls
Veseleňáková, Eva ; Kuchařová, Monika (advisor) ; Klemera, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biophysics and Physical chemistry Candidate: Eva Veseleňáková Supervisor: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of preload on change of mechanical properties of the aortic walls The subject of this thesis is to monitor the influence of preload on change the mechanical properties of the aortic walls. Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Kralove studies the mechanical properties of the biological materials or synthetic materials for many years. The aim of this work is to continue research on measurements of the properties of the arterial walls, because the changes in the mechanical properties are associated with aging and may cause a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical part is devoted to the anatomical and histological structure of the aorta walls. Summarizes theoretical knowledges of biomechanics and rheology of viscoelastic bodies. It describes the physiological functions and biophysics of the bloodstream. And also is focused on pathological changes that are related to changes in mechanical properties. The experimental part is focused on the type and preparation of biological material, creation of samples,...
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